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Electrons in nanostructured TiO2 solar cells: transport, recombination

[size=5][b]Electrons in nanostructured TiO2 solar cells: transport, recombination and photovoltaic properties[/b][/size]
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Arthur J. Frank, Nikos Kopidakis and Jao van de Lagemaat
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National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 50801-3393, USA
9E"}i'G6VMc3h Received 20 October 2003;  accepted 9 March 2004.  Available online 28 May 2004. #nQw0wHD-W!R

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3F[j;]e*[ M:OR0gh [b][i]Coordination Chemistry Reviews[/i][/b],  Volume 248, Issues 13-14, July 2004, Pages 1165-1179
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7LnlRh3W2H [b]Abstract[/b]6y5\!TG3p#XQ5P6P
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This review highlights several significant advancements in understanding of electron transport and recombination in dye-sensitized nanostructured TiO2 solar cells and the limitations that these processes impose on cell performance. The influences of the electrolyte composition, network morphology, defect structure, and light intensity on the electron transport dynamics are evaluated. Also assessed are evidences for and implications of the large, spatially distributed nanoparticle–electrolyte interfaces, trap-state distribution, band-edge movement, and the redox electrolyte on the recombination kinetics. The theoretical PV characteristics of a dye-sensitized solar cell are compared with those of the highest confirmed efficiency cells and the fundamental factors that limit their performance are discussed.
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[b]Article Outline[/b]Ala$T;|2x

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W0_!T{2Tj-X 1. Introduction
F3uW({6m XB2Hj 2. Experimental techniques o
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3. Electron transport dynamicsa5yA#oZcE
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3.1. Ambipolar diffusionl3[;?9_p+VgP
3.2. Film morphology6D3@*e*dd ];B
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3.3. Multiple trappingKP#T2x&m!x[
3.4. Thermodynamic driving force
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9_/p#?x p%@9K7v-z 4. Recombination kinetics;C&u,xvu Q
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4.1. Locus of recombination
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4.3. Open-circuit photovoltage
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6. Summary(D I x$j8u]
Acknowledgements7YbL5kt:O
References
:P7mw W?+xf [url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TFW-4CGNRXP-1&_user=2101137&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2004&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000056154&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2101137&md5=923f048f5e3801e194f2c11fecafdc35]
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[size=5]Solar Energy Conversion by Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaic Cells[/size]
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RX1gz@F Michael Grätzel*(ba2EM
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$AN%g9d_@ Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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[b][i]Inorg. Chem., [/i][/b][b]44[/b] (20), 6841 -6851, 2005. 10.1021/ic0508371 S0020-1669(05)00837-2
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]'HR@U The quality of human life depends to a large degree on the availability of energy. This is threatened unless renewable energy resources can be developed in the near future. Chemistry is expected to make important contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions of the energy problem. One attractive strategy discussed in this Forum Article is the development of solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots. These systems have already reached conversion efficiencies exceeding 11%. The underlying fundamental processes of light harvesting by the sensitizer, heterogeneous electron transfer from the electronically excited chromophore into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide, and percolative migration of the injected electrons through the mesoporous film to the collector electrode will be described below in detail. A number of research topics will also be discussed, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells will be provided. &J:cgyz}Lh
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[size=5][b]Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells[/b][/size]
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Matt Law1,2,3, Lori E. Greene1,2,3, Justin C. Johnson1, Richard Saykally1 and Peidong Yang1,2
pIh7N,S    1. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USAm p-S"B4hqz&fxOF
   2. Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USAHCkO p9R h$B MY
   3. These authors contributed equally to this work.5_$hQvc+i8R

Mv4Wl~ l iE [b][i]Nature Materials[/i] 4[/b], 455 - 459 (2005), doi:10.1038/nmat1387
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i\]c"bm5~mP Excitonic solar cells1—including organic, hybrid organic–inorganic and dye-sensitized cells (DSCs)—are promising devices for inexpensive, large-scale solar energy conversion. The DSC is currently the most efficient2 and stable3 excitonic photocell. Central to this device is a thick nanoparticle film that provides a large surface area for the adsorption of light-harvesting molecules. However, nanoparticle DSCs rely on trap-limited diffusion for electron transport, a slow mechanism that can limit device efficiency, especially at longer wavelengths. Here we introduce a version of the dye-sensitized cell in which the traditional nanoparticle film is replaced by a dense array of oriented, crystalline ZnO nanowires. The nanowire anode is synthesized by mild aqueous chemistry and features a surface area up to one-fifth as large as a nanoparticle cell. The direct electrical pathways provided by the nanowires ensure the rapid collection of carriers generated throughout the device, and a full Sun efficiency of 1.5% is demonstrated, limited primarily by the surface area of the nanowire array. E fGN5K
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[url=http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v4/n6/abs/nmat1387.html;jsessionid=6161C74F11FE6BBF830A5EA72568CC25]:fulltext :link[/url]

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MD0w|$HU;pa [[i] 本帖最后由 winsaint 于 2007-07-20 15:23 编辑 [/i]]

A good reference. Thanks.

xiexie:victory: :victory:

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:lol ，谢谢分享，:victory:

merci beaucoup

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:victory: :victory: :D

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谢谢分享，:lol

太感谢了..