查看完整版本: 今日材料杂志 (MaterialsToday) 2007年V10N3:有机半导体三极管专题

今日材料杂志 (MaterialsToday) 2007年V10N3:有机半导体三极管专题

[b][size=5]今日材料杂志 (MaterialsToday) 2007年V10N3:有机半导体三极管专题[/size][/b]
[img]http://www.materialstoday.com/archive/2007/10-3/cover.jpg[/img]

[u]Cover story[/u]
[quote]
[b]Organic single-crystal field-effect transistors[/b]
Colin Reese and Zhenan Bao

Organic molecular crystals hold great promise for the rational development of organic semiconductor materials. Their long-range order not only reveals the performance limits of organic materials, but also provides unique insight into their intrinsic transport properties. The field-effect transistor (FET) has served as a versatile tool for electrical characterization of many facets of their performance. In the last few years, breakthroughs in single-crystal FET fabrication techniques have enabled the realization of field-effect mobilities far surpassing amorphous Si, observation of the Hall effect in an organic material, and the study of transport as an explicit function of molecular packing and chemical structure.
[img]http://img214.imageshack.us/img214/7461/0wchpdglbvzwzskwb8dd9f7jn6.jpg[/img]
(a) Physical vapor transport method for growth of single crystals. Purified semiconductor is placed in a glass or quartz tube, heated by a resistive heating element to its sublimation temperature, and carried down a temperature gradient by a stream of inert carrier gas, such as Ar. The material resublimes in the cooler zone of the furnace to form crystals, while impurities are deposited up- and downstream, providing a degree of in situ purification. The crystals are collected from glass or quartz sleeves for fabrication of SCFETs. (b) Solution deposition. A supersaturated solution of organic semiconductor is applied to a substrate, either by immersing and removing it (dip-coating, left) or depositing a film or drop onto the surface (drop-casting, right).
[img]http://img381.imageshack.us/img381/9953/0wchpdglzvlzzskwa906a56tn8.png[/img]
Crystalline semiconductors as grown from vapor and solution. A common strategy for rendering insoluble semiconductors soluble is the addition of alkyl or bulky side groups, as shown by several substituted insoluble analogues. *Tetracene derivatives have also been grown from the vapor phase.

[/quote]

[u]REVIEWS[/u]
[quote]
[b]1.  Semiconductors for organic transistors[/b]

Antonio Facchetti
Organic molecules/polymers with a π-conjugated (hetero)aromatic backbone are capable of transporting charge and interact efficiently with light. Therefore, these systems can act as semiconductors in opto-electronic devices similar to inorganic materials. However, organic chemistry offers tools for tailoring materials' functional properties via modifications of the molecular/monomeric units, opening new possibilities for inexpensive device manufacturing. This article reviews the fundamental aspects behind the structural design/realization of p- (hole transporting) and n-channel (electron-transporting) semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). An introduction to OFET principles and history, as well as of the state-of-the-art organic semiconductor structure and performance of OFETs is provided.
[img]http://img255.imageshack.us/img255/8180/0wchpdglbvzbzskww92848bgb3.jpg[/img]
Schematic representation of three different thin-film transistor structures.
[img]http://img182.imageshack.us/img182/2176/0wchpdglbvzbzskwb935ceajo6.jpg[/img]
Schematic of p- and n-channel thin-film transistor operation
[/quote]

[quote]
[b]2. Charge transport in polymeric transistors[/b]
Alberto Salleo
Polymeric semiconductors have attracted much attention because of their possible use as active materials in printed electronics. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) are a convenient tool for studying charge-transport physics in conjugated polymers. Two families of materials are reviewed here: fluorene copolymers and polythiophenes. Because charge transport is highly anisotropic in molecular conductors, the electrical properties of conjugated polymers are strongly dependent on microstructure. Molecular weight, polydispersity, and regioregularity all affect morphology and charge-transport in these materials. Charge transport models based on microstructure are instrumental in identifying the electrical bottlenecks in these materials.

[img]http://img251.imageshack.us/img251/838/0wchpdglbvlzzskzk958344tf7.jpg[/img]
Tapping-mode AFM phase images obtained from P3HT fractions of different Mw and using different processing techniques
[/quote][quote]
[b]
3. Interface engineering in organic transistors[/b]
Yeong Don Park, Jung Ah Lim, Hwa Sung Lee, and Kilwon Cho
Recent technological advances in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have triggered intensive research into the molecular and mesoscale structures of organic semiconductor films that determine their charge-transport characteristics. Since the molecular structure and morphology of an organic semiconductor are largely determined by the properties of the interface between the organic film and the insulator, a great deal of research has focused on interface engineering. We review recent progress in interface engineering for the fabrication of high-performance OFETs and, in particular, engineering of the interfaces between semiconductors and insulators. The effects of interfacial characteristics on the molecular and mesoscale structures of π-conjugated molecules and the performance of OFET devices are discussed.

Chemical structures of (a) PhO-OTS and (b) pentacene. (c) Cross section of a pentacene FET with a molecular SAM dielectric and source/drain contacts deposited through a shadow mask. (Reprinted with permission from50. © 2004 Nature Publishing Group.)
[img]http://img214.imageshack.us/img214/5121/0wchpdglbvzbzskwa989de2og3.jpg[/img]
[/quote]

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