查看完整版本: 今日材料杂志 (MaterialsToday) 2007年V10N4:软物质材料专题

今日材料杂志 (MaterialsToday) 2007年V10N4:软物质材料专题

[b][size=5]今日材料杂志 (MaterialsToday) 2007年V10N4:软物质材料专题[/size][/b]

[img]http://www.materialstoday.com/cover%20images/2007/april%202007/OFC.jpg[/img]
[b]本期主要刊登了4篇与Soft Matter有关的简明综述，对从事Soft Matter和生物材料的科研人员具有参考价值。[/b]
[size=5][b]Cover story[/b][/size]
[quote]
[b]Review:
[size=4]Shape-memory polymers[/size][/b]

Marc Behla and Andreas Lendleina, E-mail The Corresponding Author
aCenter for Biomaterial Development, Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany

Shape-memory polymers are an emerging class of active polymers that have dual-shape capability. They can change their shape in a predefined way from shape A to shape B when exposed to an appropriate stimulus. While shape B is given by the initial processing step, shape A is determined by applying a process called programming. We review fundamental aspects of the molecular design of suitable polymer architectures, tailored programming and recovery processes, and the quantification of the shape-memory effect. Shape-memory research was initially founded on the thermally induced dual-shape effect. This concept has been extended to other stimuli by either indirect thermal actuation or direct actuation by addressing stimuli-sensitive groups on the molecular level. Finally, polymers are introduced that can be multifunctional. Besides their dual-shape capability, these active materials are biofunctional or [biodegradable. Potential applications for such materials as active medical devices are highlighted.
[img]http://img122.imageshack.us/img122/4765/0wchpdglzvzzzskwb1aa156gh7.jpg[/img]
[img]http://img208.imageshack.us/img208/5835/0wchpdglbvlbzskzk1ab283ym6.jpg[/img]
[/quote]

[b]2 Reviews:[/b]
[quote]
[size=4][b]Polymer artificial muscles[/b][/size]

Tissaphern Mirfakhraia, John D.W. Maddena, E-mail The Corresponding Author and Ray H. Baughmanb
aDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
bNanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080 USA

The various types of natural muscle are incredible material systems that enable the production of large deformations by repetitive molecular motions. Polymer artificial muscle technologies are being developed that produce similar strains and higher stresses using electrostatic forces, electrostriction, ion insertion, and molecular conformational changes. Materials used include elastomers, conducting polymers, ionically conducting polymers, and carbon nanotubes. The mechanisms, performance, and remaining challenges associated with these technologies are described. Initial applications are being developed, but further work by the materials community should help make these technologies applicable in a wide range of devices where muscle-like motion is desirable.
[img]http://img117.imageshack.us/img117/231/0wchpdglbvtbzskzs1ada7eav5.jpg[/img]
[img]http://img68.imageshack.us/img68/64/0wchpdglbvtzzskzk1ae7f0yi6.jpg[/img]
[/quote]


3. [b]Review[/b]
[size=4][b][quote]
Bioresponsive hydrogels[/b][/size]

Rein V. Ulijna, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Nurguse Bibia, Vineetha Jayawarnaa, Paul D. Thorntona, Simon J. Todda, Robert J. Marta, Andrew M. Smitha and Julie E. Gougha
aSchool of Materials and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre (MIB), Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, UK

We highlight recent developments in hydrogel materials with biological responsiveness built in. These ‘smart’ biomaterials change properties in response to selective biological recognition events. When exposed to a biological target (nutrient, growth factor, receptor, antibody, enzyme, or whole cell), molecular recognition events trigger changes in molecular interactions that translate into macroscopic responses, such as swelling/collapse or solution-to-gel transitions. The hydrogel transitions may be used directly as optical readouts for biosensing, linked to the release of actives for drug delivery, or instigate biochemical signaling events that control or direct cellular behavior. Accordingly, bioresponsive hydrogels have gained significant interest for application in diagnostics, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration/wound healing.
[img]http://img208.imageshack.us/img208/5083/0wchpdglbvtzzskww1b0d09el8.jpg[/img]
[img]http://img505.imageshack.us/img505/3066/0wchpdglzvlzzskzv1b18fcqi5.jpg[/img]

[/quote]

[b][size=5]4. Application review[/size][/b]
[quote]
[size=4][b]Managing change: preserving history[/b][/size]

Nancy Bella, E-mail The Corresponding Author and David McPhailb, E-mail The Corresponding Author
aThe National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU, UK
bThe Materials Department, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

Much of our cultural heritage is preserved in museums, libraries, and archives and the artifacts therein give us unique insights into the lives of people long gone and methods of working with materials long forgotten. We describe a few of the riches to be found in the collection of The National Archives, UK. We identify some of the decay processes that are at play and show how modern scientific tools allow us to study the mechanisms and kinetics of these decay processes. Also, we discuss how conservation ethics and the associated constraints on sampling make the study of these artifacts particularly challenging. Ultimately, of course, the collective aim of scientists, curators, and conservators is to understand the fabrication of these objects better and to find the best conditions for their storage and display in order to preserve them for future generations.
[img]http://img61.imageshack.us/img61/3640/0wchpdglzvzzzskzk1b499dbl7.jpg[/img]
[/quote]

[url=http://www.materialstoday.com/2007_issues/april.htm]:fulltext :link[/url]
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[[i] 本帖最后由 nanosurface 于 2007-08-21 15:55 编辑 [/i]]

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MaterialsToday  Bioresponsive hydrogels

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回复 1# 的帖子

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