查看完整版本: Targeted Nanoparticles for Liver Imaging

nanoquebec 2006-11-29 10:36

Targeted Nanoparticles for Liver Imaging

[size=3][b]Coated iron oxide [/b]nanoparticles have proven useful as [b]magnetic resonance imaging [/b](MRI) contrast agents for detecting metastatic lesions in lymph nodes. Now, investigators at the [i]Kyungpook National University in Korea[/i] have shown that these nanoparticles can be targeted specifically to[b] liver cells[/b], and as a result, could eventually provide clinicians with a highly sensitive method for spotting metastatic lesions in the liver.
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Reporting its work in the journal[b][i] Biomaterials[/i][/b], a research team headed by Inn-Kyu Kang, Ph.D., developed this liver-targeting contrast agent by coating magnetic nanoparticles with [b]lactobionic acid[/b], a type of sugar that binds to a receptor on the surface of liver cells known as hepatocytes. When the investigators added these nanoparticles to cultured liver cells, the nanoparticles accumulated inside the cells. In contrast, liver cells took up very few nanoparticles coated with a related sugar known as maltotrionic acid, indicating that lactobionic acid was indeed acting as a hepatocyte targeting agent.
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Next, the researchers injected the nanoparticles into rabbits. MRI scans of the rabbits showed clear evidence that the nanoparticles were accumulating in the liver. The resulting MR images showed no evidence of nanoparticle accumulation within the lung or bile duct.y0jCs8~&tc*d

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Q Ac0B(T+}"fJ R [url=http://nano.cancer.gov/news_center/nanotech_n]http://nano.cancer.gov/news_center/nanotech_n[/url] [..]
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[quote]
[?K]2C5QY&T [/size][size=3][b]lactobionic acid[/b][/size]o8j \v6O ]
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nanoquebec 2006-11-29 10:42

[quote]
I&e)rq"s9Nx%E7I [b]Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles using lactobionic acid and their interaction with hepatocytes.[/b]
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K M Kamruzzaman Selim, Yong-Soo Ha, Sun-Jung Kim, Yongmin Chang, Tae-Jeong Kim, Gang Ho Lee, Inn-Kyu Kang[#}L/IaQqoR0__"_
Biomaterials. 2006 Oct 13;:
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[size=3]In the current study, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were surface-modified with lactobionic acid (LA) to improve their intracellular uptake and ability to target hepatocytes. Maltotrionic acid (MA)-modified nanoparticles were also synthesized as a control. Cell culture experiment showed that LA-modified nanoparticles were internalized into hepatocytes and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) measurement indicated that the uptake amount of LA-modified magnetite into hepatocytes was higher than that of unmodified and MA-modified nanoparticles. LA-modified nanoparticle solution was injected in rabbit and the magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained showed that LA-coated nanoparticles were selectively accumulated onto the hepatocytes. This result demonstrates that the LA-modified magnetite nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as contrast agent for liver diagnosis.[/size][/quote]ckw9LZ9OPG
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[quote]
8Q:@LHE O;R'C_%d [b]Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles in liquid polyols.[/b]
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Wei Cai, Jiaqi Want+e!@'Z3K!v A
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2006 Oct 17
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Magnetite nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized in liquid polyols at elevated temperature. Polyol solvent plays a crucial role in determining the morphology and colloidal stability of the resulting particles. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were studied using XRD, TEM, SAED, TGA and FTIR. The magnetic properties of the samples were measured using physical properties measurement system (PPMS) of Quantum Design. The results show that as-prepared magnetite nanoparticles are monodisperse, highly crystalline and superparamagnetic at room temperature. The nanoparticles can be easily dispersed in aqueous media and other polar solvents due to coated by a layer of hydrophilic polyol ligands in situ. This approach provides a facile route to prepare magnetite nanoparticles.iC]3vq]:]Wj o
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[b]Biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol)-oligo(aspartic acid) hybrids.[/b]/R$ry?ar kG)[a

{1d3~9k:@2u3B Shourong Wan, Junsheng Huang, Miao Guo, Hongkai Zhang, Youjia Cao, Husheng Yan, Keliang Liu vU5C5idX p2I;bO
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2006 Nov 2;
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Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-oligo(aspartic acid) (MPEG-Asp(n)-NH(2), n = 2-5) hybrid block copolymers were synthesized and used as stabilizers to prepare superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with magnetite as the inner core and and poly(ethylene glycol) as the hydrophilic outer shell. The aqueous dispersions of the nanoparticles were stable at pH 2-11 and in 1M NaCl solution, when repeat number, n, was 3 or more. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles, stabilized with MPEG-Asp(3)-NH(2), were about 14 nm in diameter. Magnetic measurements indicated that MPEG-Asp(3)-NH(2)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior. Cell adhesion assay and in vitro cell viability/cytotoxicity studies showed that MPEG-Asp(3)-NH(2)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles had less effect on cell adhesion/viability and morphology, and less cytotoxicity compared with uncoated, poly (acrylic acid)-coated, and MPEG-poly(acrylic acid)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006.
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]/V|9Kt6t+V;\6ve [b]Biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol)-oligo(aspartic acid) hybrids.[/b]
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5O,tz)zv(nTtF Shourong Wan, Junsheng Huang, Miao Guo, Hongkai Zhang, Youjia Cao, Husheng Yan, Keliang Liu
M"^!S'LSff J Biomed Mater Res A. 2006 Nov 2;:
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0n*_2keZL!E Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-oligo(aspartic acid) (MPEG-Asp(n)-NH(2), n = 2-5) hybrid block copolymers were synthesized and used as stabilizers to prepare superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with magnetite as the inner core and and poly(ethylene glycol) as the hydrophilic outer shell. The aqueous dispersions of the nanoparticles were stable at pH 2-11 and in 1M NaCl solution, when repeat number, n, was 3 or more. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles, stabilized with MPEG-Asp(3)-NH(2), were about 14 nm in diameter. Magnetic measurements indicated that MPEG-Asp(3)-NH(2)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior. Cell adhesion assay and in vitro cell viability/cytotoxicity studies showed that MPEG-Asp(3)-NH(2)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles had less effect on cell adhesion/viability and morphology, and less cytotoxicity compared with uncoated, poly (acrylic acid)-coated, and MPEG-poly(acrylic acid)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006.
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nanoquebec 2006-11-29 10:48

[size=3] [quote]
}b"R9`idtX Langmuir. 2006 Nov 7;22(23):9480-9482
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MT(B3`#He8e5I/i5W [b]Loading Magnetic Nanoparticles into Sperm Cells Does Not Affect Their Functionality.[/b]j5M!^^5eBt,Q
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Shirly Ben-David Makhluf, Riam Qasem, Sara Rubinstein, Aharon Gedanken, Haim Breitbart? S&L4[]/S} `

3NS9~3U3N1r } } The spontaneous loading of magnetite nanoparticles into sperm cell was carried out by mixing an aqueous colloidal solution of Fe(3)O(4)-PVA with sperm cells (10(8) cells/ml) for 2 h at 37 degrees C suspended in glucose-free modified Tyrode solution. The penetration of the magnetite nanoparticles into the sperm cells was monitored by conventional analytical chemistry. We have demonstrated that the motility and the ability to undergo the acrosome reaction (i.e., the ability to fertilize the egg) were not affected by the presence of the magnetite nanoparticles.[quote]urpZ.}M,_#H8l
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3n5M^W2Q Biomaterials. 2006 Oct 13;:         2nrH3dq
[b]Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles using lactobionic acid and their interaction with hepatocytes.[/b]
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lN.vc0M&|6A%p K M Kamruzzaman Selim, Yong-Soo Ha, Sun-Jung Kim, Yongmin Chang, Tae-Jeong Kim, Gang Ho Lee, Inn-Kyu Kang,j(g+@6J*t\ O)j
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In the current study, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were surface-modified with lactobionic acid (LA) to improve their intracellular uptake and ability to target hepatocytes. Maltotrionic acid (MA)-modified nanoparticles were also synthesized as a control. Cell culture experiment showed that LA-modified nanoparticles were internalized into hepatocytes and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) measurement indicated that the uptake amount of LA-modified magnetite into hepatocytes was higher than that of unmodified and MA-modified nanoparticles. LA-modified nanoparticle solution was injected in rabbit and the magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained showed that LA-coated nanoparticles were selectively accumulated onto the hepatocytes. This result demonstrates that the LA-modified magnetite nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as contrast agent for liver diagnosis.
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-B ct3}"?Q!X J Nanosci Nanotechnol. ;6:3269-76
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[b]Novel drug delivery system by surface modified magnetic nanoparticles[/b].
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QDEw"j-f Shin-ichi Takeda, Bungo Terazono, Fumihito Mishima, Hironori Nakagami, Shigehiro Nishijima, Yasufumi KanedaB S Y*k"JiD{(j'O

FQ9|k@s-ycVwx In the recent progress of gene and cell therapy, novel drug delivery system (DDS) has been required for efficient delivery of small molecules/drugs and also the safety for clinical usage. We have already developed the unique transfection technique by preparing magnetic vector and using permanent magnet. This technique can improve the transfection efficiency. In this study, we directly associated plasmid DNA with magnetic nanoparticles, which can potentially enhance their transfection efficiency by magnetic force. Magnetic nanoparticle, such as magnetite, its average size of 18.7 nm, can be navigated by magnetic force and is basically consisted with oxidized Fe that is commonly used as the supplement drug for anemia. The magnetite particles coated with protamine sulfate, which gives a cationic surface charge onto the magnetite particle, significantly enhanced the transfection efficiency in vitro cell culture system. The magnetite particles coated with protamine sulfate also easily associated with cell surface, leading to high magnetic seeding percentage. From these results, it was found that the size and surface chemistry of magnetic particles would be tailored to meet specific demands on physical and biological characteristics accordingly. Overall, magnetic nanoparticles with different surface modification enhance the association with plasmid DNA and cell surface as well as HVJ-E, which potentially help to improve the drug delivery system.[/quote].XC$Y+C8dJ
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J Nanosci Nanotechnol. ;6:3102-9 -e9g t z,U!@u6e
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[b]Bioadhesive properties of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles coated with polysaccharide.[/b]
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Isabelle Bertholon, Gilles Ponchel, Denis Labarre, Patrick Couvreur, Christine Vauthieriy3O P]J~n/@7fFH
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Development of bioadhesive nanoparticles is of great interest to improve drug absorption through the intestinal barrier. Various Polysaccharide-coated poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles were prepared. The bioadhesive properties of the nanoparticles coated with dextran or chitosan in end-on or side-on conformation were evaluated with an ex-vivo adsorption experiment on rat intestine. Results show that diffusion of nanoparticles in mucus layer was governed by the nanoparticle diameter and isotherms of adsorption were influenced by the nature of polysaccharide used. High amount of nanoparticles coated with chitosan can be entrapped in the mucus layer even at low nanoparticle concentration in suspension. When nanoparticle concentration increased, a pseudo-plateau was reached. In the case of dextran-coated nanoparticles, linear increase of adsorption was observed and no saturation phenomenon was highlighted over the range of nanoparticle concentration used in this study. These results suggested that interactions involved in bioadhesion mechanism depended on the nature of polysaccharide. Electrostatic interactions are enhanced between chitosan-coated nanoparticles and glycoproteins of mucus leading to a saturated adsorption phenomenon whereas dextran-coated nanoparticles interacted by non-electrostatic interactions with mucus resulting in a non-saturated phenomenon. Polysaccharides grafted at the nanoparticle surface in the brush conformation appeared more favorable to promote interactions of nanoparticles with glycoproteins of mucus in comparison with the more compact loop conformation of polysaccharide chains.
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J Nanosci Nanotechnol. ;6:3040-7emW;Kf^D!C.`

(\4n'g.tDU4P [b]Bioerodible polymeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery of proteic drugs.[/b]!sRx yZ[[Bf~4H
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Elisabetta E Chiellini, Federica Chiellini, Roberto Solaro|kD.|hH b8Y1\G

a B^cPAu Significant efforts are being devoted to develop nanotechnology for drug delivery, mainly because of the distinct advantages offered by nanometer-size polymeric systems. Moreover, targeted drug delivery can be obtained by polymer conjugation to biospecific ligands. The present investigation was aimed mainly at determining the targeting ability of hybrid nanoparticles based on synthetic polymer/protein hybrid matrices. These nanoparticles were designed for liver targeted release of proteic drugs with antiviral activity, such as alpha-interferon. Human serum albumin and the monoesters of alternating copolymers of maleic anhydride/alkyl vinyl ethers of oligo(ethylene glycol) were selected as proteic and synthetic components, respectively. Digalactosyl diacyl glycerol, a natural glycolipid selectively recognized by the asialofetuin receptor present on liver hepatocytes was used as active targeting agent. Nanoparticles of 100-300 nm average size were obtained by controlled coprecipitation method. Investigation of nanoparticle surface properties by spectroscopic analysis and by biological tests indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles do expose on their surface targeting moieties that selectively interact with liver hepatocytes receptors.[/quote]:h5Jv W$x]@
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M@!xNB3okm J Nanosci Nanotechnol. ;6:2651-63
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7F2y/K&\E5^)D [b]Nanoparticles for cellular drug delivery: mechanisms and factors influencing delivery.[/b]/f.ENV}7S

R)];aNF Mahesh D Chavanpatil, Ayman Khdair, Jayanth Panyam |T f2jyAb

/[)imS-QW2WcW Polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated enormous potential as cellular drug delivery vehicles. Nanoparticles improve drug's stability as well as its availability and retention at the target intracellular site of action. Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles can be further enhanced by conjugating specific ligands to nanoparticle surface. Ligand conjugation can also be used to favorably modify the intracellular disposition of nanoparticles. A number of ligands are available for this purpose; use of a specific ligand depends on the target cell, the material used for nanoparticle formulation, and the chemistry available for ligand-nanoparticle conjugation. Cellular drug delivery using nanoparticles is also affected by clearance through the reticuloendothelial system. In this paper, we review the recent progress on our understanding of physicochemical factors that affect the cellular uptake of nanoparticles and the different cellular processes that could be exploited to enhance nanoparticle uptake into cells.[/quote][sw$~y x sv(H
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J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006 Jul ;6:2135-40        
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[b]Synthesis of monodisperse iron oxide and iron/iron oxide core/shell nanoparticles via iron-oleylamine complex.[/b]
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S Yu, G M ChowlNQ?A
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Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles are of great scientific and technical interests. This paper reports a single-step synthesis of monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles with particle size of 8 nm. Iron/maghaemite core/shell nanoparticles with particle size of 11 nm were obtained by reducing the concentration of oleylamine. TEM and in-situ FTIR results suggested that iron-oleylamine intermediate was generated in-situ and decomposed at higher temperature. Oleylamine was also found on the surface of nanoparticles, indicating its role as capping agent which provided steric protection of as-synthesized nanoparticles from agglomeration. Both magnetite and iron/maghaemite core/shell nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature with a blocking temperature at 80 K and 67 K, respectively.[/quote] qo4b}K4F#b
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J Colloid Interface Sci. 2006 Sep 12;:         '_\6}%|4{j4@9i P
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[b]Fabrication of hollow multifunctional spheres containing MCM-41 nanoparticles and magnetite nanoparticles using layer-by-layer method.[/b]
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Sajanikumari Sadasivan, Gleb B Sukhorukov5C!kfr9N V
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Macroscopic mesoporous silica spheres have been fabricated by alternatively depositing preformed MCM-41 nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes onto polystyrene lattices. High surface area hollow mesoporous spheres were obtained by removal of the core by solvent or calcination. Further, the versatility of the layer-by-layer (LBL) method was extended to fabricate magnetite-mesoporous silica composites by depositing magnetite and MCM-41 nanoparticles onto polystyrene beads. Such high surface area composites are important since the mesopores can be used for encapsulation of varied materials like enzymes and drugs while the presence of magnetite ensures application in biocatalysis and separation under magnetic field.[/quote][/size]
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