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IBM科学家在纳米数据存储方面取得重大进展

[b][size=5]IBM科学家在纳米数据存储方面取得重大进展， BM Brings Single-Atom Data Storage, Molecular Computers Closer to Reality[/size][/b]
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[b]【纳米科技世界快讯】IBM today announced two major scientific achievements in the field of nanotechnology that could one day lead to new kinds of devices and structures built from a few atoms or molecules.[/b] :good
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Although still far from making their way into products, these breakthroughs will enable scientists at IBM and elsewhere to continue driving the field of nanotechnology, the exploration of building structures and devices out of ultra-tiny, atomic-scale components. Such devices might be used as future computer chips, storage devices, sensors and for applications nobody has imagined yet.,A$u8QVnf`
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The work will be unveiled tomorrow in two reports being published by the journal [b][i]Science[/i][/b].Cs.MV@
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[color=DarkGreen][b]In the first report[/b][/color], IBM scientists describe major progress in probing a property called magnetic anisotropy in individual atoms. This fundamental measurement has important technological consequences because it determines an atom’s ability to store information. Previously, nobody had been able to measure the magnetic anisotropy of a single atom.
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J#dl5J"sm?){ With further work it may be possible to build structures consisting of small clusters of atoms, or even individual atoms, that could reliably store magnetic information. Such a storage capability would enable nearly 30,000 feature length movies or the entire contents of YouTube – millions of videos estimated to be more than 1,000 trillion bits of data – to fit in a device the size of an iPod. Perhaps more importantly, the breakthrough could lead to new kinds of structures and devices that are so small they could be applied to entire new fields and disciplines beyond traditional computing. k Y5r:X-y?
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k$v/}I7fL0T2H){ [i]Illustration of the preferred magnetic orientation of an iron atom on a specially prepared copper surface. The ability of an atom to maintain its magnetic orientation can help determine that atom's suitability for storing data. As the atom's magnetic spin points in one direction, it can represent a "1", and in the other direction a "0", telling scientists that single-atoms may be suitable for storing the 1s and 0s known as bits, that enable information storage in computing devices. This represents a potential building block for atomic storage. (IMage: IBM)[/i]
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knY_%Pdt0d [color=Green][b]In the second report[/b][/color], IBM researchers unveiled the first single-molecule switch that can operate flawlessly without disrupting the molecule's outer frame -- a significant step toward building computing elements at the molecular scale that are vastly smaller, faster and use less energy than today's computer chips and memory devices.Z8k1[c&s^:G/V&~

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In addition to switching within a single molecule, the researchers also demonstrated that atoms inside one molecule can be used to switch atoms in an adjacent molecule, representing a rudimentary logic element. This is made possible partly because the molecular framework is not disturbed.8rs(W_%Ed

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[i]Schematic three-dimensional image of a molecular "logic gate" of two naphthalocyanine molecules, which are probed by the tip of the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. By inducing a voltage pulse through the tip to the molecule underneath the tip (shown in the back), the two hydrogen atoms in the adjacent molecule (in white at the center of the molecule in front) change position and electrically switch the entire molecule from "on" to "off". This represents a rudimentary logic-gate, an essential component of computer chips and could be the building block for computers built from molecular components. Credit: IBM[/i]*O&Nm q'e!xiC S

JJu4aKGaP:P:Y [b]The Science of The Small: Understanding the Magnetic Properties of Atoms[/b]
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I6tu-K8k^ In the paper titled “Large Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single Atomic Spin Embedded in a Surface Molecular Network,” the researchers used IBM’s special scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to manipulate individual iron atoms and arranged them with atomic precision on a specially prepared copper surface. They then determined the orientation and strength of the magnetic anisotropy of the individual iron atoms.S|~7}+dX(`6K
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Anisotropy is an important property for data storage because it determines whether or not a magnet can maintain a specific orientation. This in turn allows the magnet to represent either a “1” or “0,” which is the basis for storing data in computers.
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“One of the major challenges for the IT industry today is shrinking the bit size used for data storage to the smallest possible features, while increasing the capacity,” said Gian-Luca Bona, manager of science and technology at the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California. “We are working at the ultimate edge of what is possible – and we are now one step closer to figuring out how to store data at the atomic level. Understanding the specific magnetic properties of atoms is the cornerstone of progressing toward new, more efficient ways to store data.”
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yHEnH [b]Lilliputian Scale Devices: Single Molecule Logic Switching[/b]L1SP;m4I8~:F&gK.S

?(g7A j X3K&k:v In the paper titled “Current-Induced Hydrogen Tautomerization and Conductance Switching of Naphthalocyanine Molecules,” IBM researchers describe the ability to switch a single molecule “on” and “off,” a basic element of computer logic, using two hydrogen atoms within a naphthalocyanine organic molecule. Previously, researchers at IBM and elsewhere have demonstrated switching within single molecules, but the molecules would change their shape when switching, making them unsuitable for building logic gates for computer chips or memory elements.
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Switches inside computer chips act like a light switch to turn the flow of electrons on and off and, when put together, make up the logic gates, which in turn make up electrical circuits. Having ever smaller switches allows the circuits to be shrunk to ever smaller sizes, making it possible to pack more circuits into a processor and boosting speed and performance.
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These molecular switches could one day lead to computer chips with speeds as fast as today's fastest supercomputers, but much smaller in size; with some speculating even building computer chips so small they could be the size of a speck of dust or fit on the tip of a needle.
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W3tfe] Development of conventional silicon-based CMOS chips is approaching its physical limits, and the IT industry is exploring new, truly disruptive technologies to achieve further increases in computer performance. Modular molecular logic is a possible candidate, though still several years from reality. The next step for the Research team is to build a series of these molecules into a circuit, then figure out how to network those together into a molecular chip.
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The concept of using molecules as electronic components is still in its infancy. Only a few examples of individual molecules serving as switches or memory elements have been demonstrated to date. Most of these molecules are complex, three-dimensional structures and change their shape when switching. Placing them on a surface while maintaining their function is extremely difficult, making them unsuitable as building blocks for computer logic.
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The switching within the molecule used by the IBM researchers is well-defined, highly-localized, reversible, intrinsic to the molecule, and does not involve changes in the molecular frame. Therefore, this molecule could be used as a building block for more complex molecular devices that serve as logic elements. As the shape of the molecule does not change during switching, single switches can be coupled in a controlled way. The switching process should also work with molecules embedded in more complex structures.H*]U$r.D1_)D P]0D

"K#\SBu$}0x:hv!p [b]"Accidental" Science[/b]
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Although the IBM Research team had been screening various molecules to discover if they would be suitable for molecular switches, in the case of naphthalocyanine, the tests being performed were not to observe switching but rather to examine molecular vibrations, since understanding vibrations of molecules is important for devices operating at the atomic level. During those tests, team members were surprised to observe results that were intriguing for switching at the molecular scale, and they shifted their focus from studying vibrations to studying switching, leading to this breakthrough.
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;?L-Q"@9`M/y6]H “One of the beauties of doing exploratory science is that by researching one area, you sometimes stumble upon other areas of major significance,” said Gerhard Meyer, senior researcher in the nanoscale science group at the IBM Zurich lab. “Although the discovery of this breakthrough was accidental, it may prove to be significant for building the computers of the future.”zaT/\1|uMf"?
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Source: IBM&\,M3L3K\
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QF!l$S,j [[i] 本帖最后由 nanoquebec 于 2007-08-30 20:42 编辑 [/i]]

Good post! :D

Thans for sharing!:handshake :handshake

谢谢分享好的资源:lol

单原子存储和单分子逻辑开关技术获突破

来源： 科技日报1cz4c"a C;D5p6kx
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美国IBM公司在最新一期《科学》杂志上发表了两份研究报告，公布了其在单原子存储技术和单分子逻辑开关研究方面取得的技术突破。这是纳米技术领域两项最新的重大科学成就。 bbq^ Z0iN0P
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在第一份报告中，IBM科学家描述了在测量单个原子的磁各向异性特性方面取得的重大进展。每个原子内部都有磁体，但之前还无人能够测量单个原子的磁各向异性特性。位于美国加州圣何塞的艾曼登实验室的研究者们使用IBM的扫描隧道显微镜来操纵单个铁原子，把它们在准备好的铜表面排列好，以观察每个原子磁各向异性的方向和强度。最后，研究人员成功地在一个单独原子上保存了一比特信息。
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对单个原子磁各向异性的测量具有重要技术意义，因为它决定了一个原子储存信息的能力。目前，即使是存储密度最高的硬盘，要想保存一比特的信息也需要大约100万个磁性原子。单原子存储技术实用后可以得到超高密度的存储设备，容量至少相当于目前硬盘的 1000倍，可以在一部iPod大小的装置内存储3万部全尺寸电影或是YouTube网站中的全部视频内容，估计容量超过1000万亿比特。
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uO?;x:oW 另一份由IBM苏黎世实验室发表的报告，则首次揭示了单分子开关。专家认为，这种分子开关技术有望取代当今的硅芯片技术，制造出超微型的处理器，未来一台超级计算机的体积也许只相当于一粒尘埃，这是迈向建造分子级计算机的一个重大跨越。
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'Z0n}4YlA U IBM扫描隧道显微镜实验室主管安德里亚斯 海因里希表示：“自从半导体技术发明以来，我们一直依赖缩小尺寸来改善性能，但电子的波长是10纳米左右，所以半导体工艺的改进是有极限的，不可能达到单个原子的层次。如果你想在原子层次进行计算或者传输数据，就必须寻找一种替代半导体的方法，而这就是IBM苏黎世实验室所要做的：设计一种全新的分子尺寸电路，有朝一日彻底取代硅电路和铜线。”UY[W
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虽然将这些科学成果变成产品还有待时日，但这些技术突破将使科学家继续推动纳米技术领域的发展，最终制作出原子级的器件和结构，应用于未来的计算机芯片、储存设备、传感器等。

Thans for sharing! :lol

IBM的实验室是牛啊,inter的近年来逊色了很多