查看完整版本: Pt nanoparticles, nanowire and nanopores structures

[size=5][b] Formation of single Pt atoms on thiolated carbon nanotubes using a moderate and large-scale chemical approach[/b][/size]
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Kim YT (Kim, Yong-Tae), Uruga T (Uruga, Tomoya), Mitani T (Mitani, Tadaoki)
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)M#I1h:cE{ Yrmb [b][i] ADVANCED MATERIALS [/i][/b][b]18 [/b](19): 2634-+ OCT 4 2006
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[(T Abstract: Single Pt atoms are formed on thiolated carbon nanotudes (see figure) by using a moderate and large-scale chemical approach instead of conventional physical methods that require severe conditions. The surface modification results from the formation of bonds between Pt and surface thiol groups by weak physisorption. Furthermore, the electronic state of single Pt atoms is close to that of bulk Pt rather than the precursor ion.

[size=5][b]Enhanced electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation of a novel Pt-dispersed poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonic acid) electrode[/b][/size]#LeyV8kO { [
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Kuo CW (Kuo, Chung-Wen), Huang LM (Huang, Li-Ming), Wen TC (Wen, Ten-Chin), Gopalan A (Gopalan, A.)
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[b][i]JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES[/i][/b] [b]160[/b] (1): 65-72 SEP 29 2006U
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/KC-l*Pv1o6G-W[ Abstract: A new catalyst electrode was prepared in which Pt particles were homogeneously distributed into a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) matrix. Catalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of methanol were studied by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. For comparative purposes, bulk Pt and PEDOT-PSS based electrodes were fabricated and tested. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of methanol was noticed when Pt particles were embedded into the PEDOT-PSS matrix. A high catalytic current for methanol oxidation (2.51 mA cm(-2)) was found for the PEDOT-PSS-Pt electrode in comparison to bulk Pt electrode (0.45 mA cm(-2)) at +0.6 V (versus Ag/AgCl). The enhanced electrocatalytic activity might be due to the dispersion of Pt particles into the PEDOT-PSS matrix and the synergistic effects between the dispersed Pt particles and the PEDOT-PSS matrix. The morphology and crystalline behavior of PEDOT-PSS-Pt and simple ITO/Pt films were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and correlated with the enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the Pt-dispersed PEDOT-PSS electrode.

[b][size=5]Synthesis of platinum nanoparticles by reaction of filamentous cyanobacteria with platinum(IV)-chloride complex[/size][/b]HF0[W9jZ&v+U zoH4s

z.v@9J qyYN$Y Lengke MF (Lengke, Maggy F.), Fleet ME (Fleet, Michael E.), Southam G (Southam, Gordon)
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[b][i] LANGMUIR[/i][/b] [b]22 [/b](17): 7318-7323 AUG 15 2006u#[z/YS[`+|t
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Abstract: Interaction of cyanobacteria (Plectonema boryanum UTEX 485) with aqueous platinum(IV)-chloride (PtCl4) has been investigated at 25-100 degrees C for up to 28 days, and 180 degrees C for 1 day. The addition of PtCl4 degrees to the cyanobacteria culture initially promoted the precipitation of Pt(II)-organic material as amorphous spherical nanoparticles (<= 0.3 mu m) in solutions and dispersed nanoparticles within bacterial cells. The spherical Pt(II)-organic nanoparticles were connected into long beadlike chains by a continuous coating of organic material derived from the cyanobacterial cells, and aged to nanoparticles of crystalline platinum metal with increase in temperature and reaction time. The stepwise reduction for the formation of platinum nanoparticles in the presence of cyanobacteria was deduced to be Pt(IV) [PtCl4]-> Pt(II) [Pt(II)-organics]-> Pt(0). Spherical platinum-bearing nanoparticles were not present in abiotic PtCl4 experiments conducted under similar conditions and duration.

[size=5][b]Facile synthesis of Pt multipods nanocrystals[/b][/size]
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Liang HP (Liang, Han-Pu), Hu JS (Hu, Jin-Song), Cao AM (Cao, An-Min), Mu YY (Mu, Yong-Yan), Wan LJ (Wan, Li-Jun)
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[b][i]JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY[/i][/b] [b]6[/b] (7): 2031-2036 JUL 2006
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K q}3EP$L"r5jD Abstract: A facile and efficient seeded growth approach was used to fabricate single-crystal Pt multipods nanocrystals, which were intensively characterized by TEM, ED, HRTEM, XRD, EDX, and XPS. The size and shape of Pt multipod nanocrystals can be easily controlled by varying the ratio of Pt seeds to H2PtCl6. The catalytic performance of these nanocrystals as heterogeneous catalysts was examined using the hydrogenation of cyclohexene as a model reaction in a biphasic system. These Pt nanocrystals should have potential applications as catalysts in organic synthesis, electronics, sensors, and other devices.

[b][size=5]Rapid synthesis of cubic Pt nanoparticies and their use for the preparation of Pt nanoagglomerates[/size][/b]
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[b][i]JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY[/i][/b] [b]6 [/b](7): 2056-2061 JUL 2006
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C.}#NL"{MI Abstract: We report the synthesis of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized cubic Pt nanoparticles by NaBH4 reduction of H2PtCl6 in aqueous CTAB solution. These Pt nanoparticles (average size of 7 nm) were well dispersed in aqueous solution and stable at least for 2 months. Addition of a trace amount of AgNO3 can alter the morphology of these Pt nanoparticles. More interestingly, the as-prepared uniform Pt nanoparticles were further developed into bigger Pt nanoagglomerates (similar to 20 to 47 nm) by a seed-mediate growth process. Dentritic and spherical Pt nanoagglomerates can be synthesized by altering the incubation time and their size can be tuned by controlling the amount of the seeds added.

[b][size=5]Platinum/multiwalled carbon nanotubes-platinum/carbon composites as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell[/size][/b]
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#Io;YFkq%\ Shaijumon MM (Shaijumon, M. M.), Ramaprabhu S (Ramaprabhu, S.), Rajalakshmi N (Rajalakshmi, N.)
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[X#Dg7K9j [b][i]APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS[/i][/b] [b]88[/b] (25): Art. No. 253105 JUN 19 2006
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Abstract: Pt-loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pt/MWCNTs) have been prepared by chemical reduction method using functionalized MWCNT synthesized by pyrolysis of acetylene over MmNi(2) (Mm denotes misch metal) hydride catalyst. Composites of Pt/MWCNT and commercial Pt-loaded carbon black (Pt/C) have been used as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Cathode catalyst with 50% Pt/MWCNT and 50% Pt/C showed best performance due to better dispersion and good accessibility of MWCNT support and Pt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFC. A maximum performance of 540 mV at a current density of around 535 mA cm(-2) has been obtained. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

[b][size=5]Facile synthesis of morphology-controlled platinum nanocrystals[/size][/b]gxd0p0J+OlQ4H

.~ @*I8c0? Zhong X, Feng Y, Lieberwirth I, Knoll W
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|[]#BC [b][i]CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS[/i][/b] 18 (10): 2468-2471 MAY 16 2006
3ISh6?JT+g Chem. Mater., 18 (10), 2468 -2471, 2006. 10.1021/cm060463p S0897-4756(06)00463-7 E$@.M5dV K8Gn7W'a
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we reported a straightforward solution-phase chemical approach to prepare complex 3D porous flowerlike dendritic- and polypod-like, as well as multibranched, Pt nanostructures by direct thermolytic reduction of trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 in different high-boiling-point solvents (OAm, HDA, or OAl), which also act as a reducing and capping agent. The chemical composition, structure, and morphology of the obtained nanostructures were characterized using EDX analysis, p-XRD, and TEM. The obtained 3D Pt nanostructures may have additional advantages over the conventional spherical nanoparticles. We are working on the generalization of the current facile synthetic method to prepare many other noble metal nanocrystals. Research is in progress to explore the morphology control mechanism, the unusual properties, and the potential application as catalyst of these obtained nanostructures with complicated 3D morphologies.

[b][size=5]Controlled synthesis of platinum submicron and nanometric particles with novel shapes[/size][/b]
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[b][i] APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING[/i][/b] [b]84[/b] (1-2): 11-19 JUL 2006C.UZH-q"y4J|[ H
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gU0IfK$]DUz Abstract: Metal nanostructures have drawn increasing interest due to their potential uses in catalysis, biological sensors, and nanoelectronics among others. As these materials have at least one dimension between 1 nm and 100 nm, interesting properties arise due to phenomena such as quantum confinement and high surface-to-volume ratio. Platinum stands as one of the most important metals for several industrial applications. As the physicochemical properties of noble-metal nanostructures are strongly dependant upon shape and size, many efforts towards the development of reliable synthesis methods for the production of nanocrystals with well defined size and morphology have been done, including platinum. On the other hand, submicron spherical Pt powders with narrow size distribution are also needed for the electronics industry. However, colloidal synthesis of such powders is a challenging task since many of the available techniques produce fine particles in the nanoscale. Independently of the great progress that many recent techniques have shown, there is still a necessity to develop chemical methods that can tailor the morphology of Pt crystals at different scales, i.e. nano- and micro-metric. In the present report, we describe how by using a cationic polyelectrolyte (poly-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) the reduction kinetics of a platinum precursor in a polyol process can be controlled. As a result, Pt particles with different morphologies and crystallinity can be produced over a large scale range.

[b][size=5]Foamlike nanostructures created from dendritic platinum sheets on liposomes[/size][/b]dP$o5hWM
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3M'T zH g [b][i] CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS[/i][/b] [b]18 [/b](9): 2335-2346 MAY 2 20064r4\'`\9igYC
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Vh6xL,dk){ Abstract: The synthesis of novel dendritic platinum sheets of 2-nm thickness by the reduction of an aqueous metal complex with ascorbic acid in the presence of liposomes is reported. Variation of the reaction conditions, including incorporation of a tin porphyrin photocatalyst within the liposomal bilayer to initiate seed-particle growth, allows access to a diverse range of platinum nanostructures, including dendritic nanosheets of uniform diameters and convoluted foamlike structures composed of interwoven dendritic nanosheets. The mechanism of formation of these nanomaterials is investigated with regard to the photocatalytic generation of platinum nanoparticle seeds, the autocatalytic dendritic growth, and the templating on liposomes. The discrete nanospheres of foamlike platinum are of particular interest, as they may have advantages over conventional platinum black in some applications. For example, they will likely exhibit improved electrical connectivity and mass-transport properties in electrocatalytic applications. Electrochemical CO-stripping measurements and N-2 adsorption experiments show that the nanospheres of foamlike platinum possess high surface areas. In addition, these platinum foam nanospheres are as active as commercial platinum black in catalyzing the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction.

[size=5][b]Shape/size-control led syntheses of metal nanoparticles for site-selective modification of carbon nanotubes[/b][/size][m"kf2V*pZ

Y7^g5e$o2A Qu LT, Dai LM, Osawa ExG-nB|

bJQrcU8Z [b][i]JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY[/i][/b] [b]128 [/b](16): 5523-5532 APR 26 2006g3JC6x:ID
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Abstract: Shape- and size-controlled syntheses of metal nanoparticles have been achieved by galvanic displacement reaction between an aqueous solution of metal salt and Cu foil substrate. In particular, cubic and spheric nanciparticles of Pt (Au) with a fairly narrow size distribution were produced by reacting K2PtCI4 (HAUC14) with a Cu foil in an aqueous medium with and without CUC12 under different reaction conditions (e.g., different concentrations and reaction times). In conjunction with the substrate-enhanced electroless deposition (SEED) technique (Qu, L.; Dai, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127,10806), the shape/size-control led syntheses have been successfully exploited to site-selectively deposit these metal nanoparticles onto the outerwall, innerwall, or end-tip of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Asymmetric sidewall modification by attaching the innerwall and outerwall of CNTs with metal nanoparticles of different shapes was also achieved. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the nanotube-supported Pt nanoparticles could be converted into hollow Au nanoboxes by galvanic displacement of Pt with Au. These CNT-supported metal nanoparticles were shown to possess interesting optical and electrocatalytic properties.

[size=5][b]Electrocatalytic activity at surface-modified Pt nanoparticles assembled in polyelectrolyte[/b][/size]5c6b6QfI/x)T5mG;js&m

%_*]Q!Qi/F%j Karam P, Estephan ZG, El Harakeh M, Houry M, Halaoui LI
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ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS[/i][/b] [b]9[/b] (3): A144-A146 2006A
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Z3]#cM*b$@`"Fl+VG9H Abstract: Assemblies of polyacrylate-capped Pt nanoparticles (< d > = 2.5 +/- 0.6 nm) in poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) are reported to be electrocatalytically active for key charge-transfer reactions, viz., hydrogen evolution, hydrogen oxidation, and oxygen reduction and can thus serve as model nanostructured electrodes for studying electrocatalysis at well-characterized solution-prepared Pt and other metal nanoparticles. These results indicate that catalytic adsorption sites for the O-2 reduction and H-2 oxidation reactions are not blocked at the surface-modified nanoparticles, and that charge and mass transport supporting these electrochemical reactions are feasible in the films. Comparison is made with an electrochemically activated polycrystalline Pt electrode.

[size=5][b]Synthesis of porous platinum nanoparticles[/b][/size]
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Teng XW, Liang XY, Maksimuk S, Yang HICYx)[N%e
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[b][i] SMALL [/i][/b][b]2 [/b](2): 249-253 FEB 2006 a!g2]V,bw9d
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[b][size=5]Spontaneous formation of nanoparticle stripe patterns through dewetting[/size][/b]e
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3pNIki(?h Huang JX, Kim F, Tao AR, Connor S, Yang PD-a2Ux8[-v
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[b][i]NATURE MATERIALS[/i][/b] [b]4[/b] (12): 896-900 DEC 2005
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M!EgK9Dd'F1U9A(~)\ Abstract: Significant advancement has been made in nanoparticle research, with synthetic techniques extending over a wide range of materials with good control over particle size and shape(1-6). A grand challenge is assembling and positioning the nanoparticles in desired locations to construct complex, higher-order functional structures. Controlled positioning of nanoparticles has been achieved in pre-defined templates fabricated by top-down approaches(7,8). A self-assembly method, however, is highly desirable because of its simplicity and compatibility with heterogeneous integration processes. Here we report on the spontaneous formation of ordered gold and silver nanoparticle stripe patterns on dewetting a dilute film of polymer-coated nanoparticles coating on a water surface. Well-aligned stripe patterns with tunable orientation, thickness and periodicity at the micrometre scale were obtained by transferring nanoparticles from a coating film onto a substrate in a dip-coating fashion. This facile technique opens up a new avenue for lithography-free patterning of nanoparticle arrays for various applications including, for example, multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman substrates and templated fabrication of higher-order nanostructures.

[size=5][b]Precise control of the Pt nanoparticle size by seeded growth using EO13PO30EO13 triblock copolymers as protective agents[/b][/size]2CX-o W$X%l
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Niesz K, Grass M, Somorjai GAmE6P(d z)[B
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[b][i]NANO LETTERS [/i][/b][b]5[/b] (11): 2238-2240 NOV 2005w Wao+}A
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Abstract: Here, we report an efficient way to produce homogeneous Pt nanoparticles within a well-defined size range (3.5-6.6 nm) as a result of the seeded growth procedure using Pluronic L64 polymer capping agent. First, small seeds (3.5 nm) were prepared by the reduction of H2PtCl6- 6H(2)O in water with NaBH4 in the presence of the capping poly(ethylene oxide)(13)-poly(propylene oxide)(30)-poly(ethylene oxide)(13) triblock copolymer at room temperature. Additional anionic Pt salt was then introduced under flowing H-2 to obtain larger nanoparticles.

[b][size=5]Single-crystalline platinum nanosheets from nonionic surfactant 2-D self-assemblies at solid/aqueous solution interfaces[/size][/b]
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&L&qU j+z+Tu6u Kawasaki H, Uota M, Yoshimura T, Fujikawa D, Sakai G, Annaka M, Kijima T
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[b][i] LANGMUIR [/i][/b][b]21[/b] (24): 11468-11473 NOV 22 20053R O[vO"RX

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e0q"JH pEm Abstract: Single-crystalline platinum nanosheets have been prepared via a new methodology based on the chemical reduction of a platinum salt (H2PtCl6) with hydrazine at a graphite/solution interface, using polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60) based self-assembly (hemicylindrical micelle) templates. The platinum nanosheets with a uniform thickness of as thin as 3.5 +/- 1 nm are surface-smooth and continuous over relatively large length scales of micrometer sizes. In striking contrast to the Tween 60 based system, no Pt nanosheets are obtained with nonaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO9) and polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (C12EO23). No Pt nanosheets are also obtainable with a laterally homogeneous layer of Tween 60 formed at the silica/solution interface. These results indicate that surfactant Tween 60 molecules with a triple polyoxyethylene structure, as well as their hemicylindrical micelle templates, play an essential role for the formation of the Pt nanosheets. It is also suggested that the interfacially directed growth of Pt metals within the aqueous shells of the Tween 60 hemicylindrical micelles induces the thin Pt crystals as thick as the aqueous shells. The present approach could be extended to prepare a wide range of novel nanostructures of noble metals, using various micelle-like self-assemblies at interfaces.

[b][size=5]Electrochemically deposited nanostructured platinum on Nafion coated electrode for sensor applications[/size][/b]:| ][5NB!uQ+G W

_/g%AdZE$}1V4|"e Selvaraju T, Ramaraj R
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`0p8bQ/iA [b][i] JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY[/i][/b] [b]585[/b] (2): 290-300 NOV 15 2005
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Ytf"_p3n8H Abstract: Nanostructured platinum modified electrodes were prepared by the electrodeposition of platinum on Nation (Nf) film coated glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Surface characterization such as morphology and chemical state was accomplished by AFM, XPS, and XRD. The nanostructured Pt (represented Pt-nano) deposited on GC (GC/Pt-nano) and GC/Nafion (GC/Nf/Pt-nano) electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The formation of nanostructured Pt on electrodes was found to be very high at the interior hydrophilic cluster regions of the Nf film. The AFM images of the Pt deposited electrode surface reveal that the clusters of electrodeposited nanostructured Pt consist of a number of nanocrystallites. The surface morphology of the electrodeposited nanostructured Pt was uneven presumably due to the preferential growth of such nanocrystallites in certain crystallographic directions. The high surface area to volume of the nanostructured Pt deposited in Nf film on GC electrode was utilized for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of neurotransmitter molecules in the presence of interfering species. The present investigation establishes the electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine and serotonin by GC/Nf/Pt-nano electrodes in the presence of interfering molecules such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. The results were compared with both plain GC and bulk Pt electrodes. Good electronic communication throughout the film was apparent in the GC/Nf/Pt-nano electrode. Rotating disc electrode experiments were carried out to determine the rate constant for the electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine at the modified electrodes. Under optimal conditions of dopamine oxidation the GC/Nf/Pt-nano electrode exhibits a linear relationship in the range of 3 x 10(-6) -60 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3) with a detection limit down to 1 x 10(-8) mol dm(-3) (10 nM) dopamine. It has been also shown that the GC/Nf/Pt-nano electrode can be used as a biosensor with high selectivity, sensitivity and detection of submicromolar concentrations of dopamine and serotonin with practical applications to real samples.

[b][size=5]Network electrocatalytic films of conducting polymer-linked polyoxometallate-stabilized platinum nanoparticles[/size][/b]Wj~mW.G

vd9Y5Gh`i-yV4g Kulesza PJ, Karnicka K, Miecznikowski K, Chojak M, Kolary A, Barczuk PJ, Tsirlina G, Czerwinski WK:[0S2L*n^5lJ
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[i][b] ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA[/b][/i] [b]50[/b] (25-26): 5155-5162 SEP 5 2005
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Abstract: To fabricate electrocatalytic network films containing Pt nanoparticles, the ability of a Keggin-type polyoxometallate, phosphododecatungstate (PW12O403-), to form stable anionic monolayers on solid surfaces is explored. Three-dimensional assemblies on electrode (glassy carbon or platinum) surfaces are grown using the layer-by-layer method involving repeated alternate treatments in the solution of PW12O403- (or in the colloidal suspension of polyoxometallate-protected Pt-nanoparticles) and in the solution of monomer (e.g., anilinium) cations. In the resulting structured (organic-inorganic) films, the layers of negatively charged polyoxometallate, or polyoxometallate-protected (stabilized) Pt-nanoparticles, interact electrostatically with the ultra-thin layers of such a positively charged conducting polymer as polyaniline. Consequently, physicochemical properties of organic conducting polymers, and reactivities of inorganic polyoxometallate and/or noble metal particles can be combined. The modification of Pt nanoparticles by adsorbing monolayers of phosphododecatungstate tends to activate them towards efficient electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen in acid medium. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[size=5][b]Platinum nanoparticles prepared by a plasma-chemical reduction method[/b][/size]
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m'@C"h Koo IG, Lee MS, Shim JH, Ahn JH, Lee WMB(x&w^Imw?
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[b][i]JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY[/i][/b] [b]15 [/b](38): 4125-4128 2005
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F|GJ-Q?1Aj*mF5Z1_ Abstract: Platinum nanoparticles were prepared by reducing H2PtCl6 dissolved in water with the help of hydrogen plasma generated right above the aqueous solution, thus the small surface area of the solution contacting the plasma becomes the active reaction zone. This simple method to fabricate the nanoparticles did not necessitate use of reducing agents and polymer protective materials. The average particle size was around 2 nm with the solution temperature set at 10 degrees C.

[b][size=5]Synthesis and size control of Pt nanocubes with high selectivity using the additive effect of NaI[/size][/b]
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Yamada M, Kon S, Miyake M
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[b][i] CHEMISTRY LETTERS [/i][/b]34 (7): 1050-1051 JUL 5 2005 _4h
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L5Xo2a#y Abstract: The synthesis and size control of Pt nanocubes stabilized by polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAA) were carried out by varying the reaction temperature and the growth rate between the {111} and {100} faces with the addition of NaI; the shape selectivity was about 70-80% and the cubic size was controllable between 7.5-10.5 nm.

[b][size=5]Synthesis of platinum multipods: An induced anisotropic growth[/size][/b]ObO1nV3UJ5t

TN$U5D`hQn]:IB%F Teng XW, Yang H
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Abstract: This paper reports a highly effective synthesis of platinum multipods from platinum 2,4-pentanedionate in organic solvents. A trace amount of silver acetylacetonate is used to trigger the nucleation and the anisotropic growth of Pt nanocrystals. The morphologies of Pt multipods made include I- and V-shaped bipods, various types of tripods, and planar and three-dimensional (3D) tetrapods. The 3D Pt tetrapods can be well-defined, resembling those observed for II-VI semiconducting materials, such as CdS and CdSe. Control of morphology and the multipod-to-sphere transitions under various conditions have been systematically studied. A mode of formation based on the induced kinetically controlled growth has been discussed.