查看完整版本: 纳米科技的开山鼻祖: 物理學家理查德費曼

nanoquebec 2006-11-13 22:26

纳米科技的开山鼻祖: 物理學家理查德費曼

[img]http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/feynman.gif[/img] h%H|\)?e
[img]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/Feynman-bongos.jpg/181px-Feynman-bongos.jpg[/img].NO,Cxaw VP\#|8}
[b]Richard Phillips Feynman [/b](May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) (surname pronounced FINE-man; /ˈfaɪnmən/ in IPA) was an influential American physicist known for expanding greatly on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, particle theory, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium. For his work on quantum electrodynamics, Feynman was one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965, along with Julian Schwinger and Shin-Ichiro Tomonaga; in this work, he developed a way to understand the behavior of subatomic particles using pictorial tools now called Feynman diagrams.5a)ASH^Fq
He helped in the development of the atomic bomb and was later a member of the panel which investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. For all his prolific contributions, Feynman wrote only 37 research papers in his career. Apart from pure physics, Feynman is also credited with the revolutionary concept and early exploration of quantum computing, and first publicly envisioning nanotechnology, i.e. the ability to mass produce atomic-scale machines. He held the Richard Chace Tolman professorship in theoretical physics at Caltech.
%{v'E5TLZ
C Ew;@4vW/B$G6W Feynman was a keen and influential popularizer of physics in both his books and lectures, notably a seminal 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom and The Feynman Lectures on Physics, a three-volume set which has become a classic text. Known for his insatiable curiosity, gentle wit, brilliant mind and playful temperament [1], he is also famous for his many adventures, detailed in the books Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, What Do You Care What Other People Think? and Tuva or Bust!. As well as being an inspiring lecturer, bongo player, notorious practical joker, and decipherer of Mayan hieroglyphics, Richard Feynman was, in many respects, an eccentric and a free spirit. He liked to pursue many independent paths, such as biology, art, percussion, and lockbreaking. Freeman Dyson once wrote that Feynman was "half-genius, half-buffoon", but later changed this to "all-genius, all-buffoon".8B,W*F-Y"p3tu
p`&}} } TT8C4i
[b]Biography[/b]1zD]0_:T[ i
Feynman was born in Far Rockaway, Queens, New York; his parents were Jewish and attended synagogue every Friday, although they were unritualistic in their practice of Judaism as a religion. The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, Melville Feynman, who encouraged him to ask questions in order to challenge orthodox thinking. His mother instilled in him a powerful sense of humor which he kept all his life. As a child, he delighted in repairing radios and had a talent for engineering. At school he was bright, but his measured IQ was merely above average at 124, which he would scoff at later. By age 15, he had mastered differential and integral calculus. He kept experimenting on and re-creating mathematical topics, such as the half-derivative (a mathematical operator, which when applied twice in succession, resulted in the derivative of a function), utilizing his own notation, before entering college. Thus, even while in high school, he was developing the mathematical intuition behind his Taylor series of mathematical operators. His habit of direct characterization would sometimes disconcert more conventional thinkers; for example, one of his questions when learning feline anatomy was: "Do you have a map of the cat?" (referring to an anatomical chart). When he spoke, it was with clarity..MZ@d5g!Q
+F)J*qK7K[S
[b]Education[/b]4~BD9Fi2JD V
4sS |E/^
    This was Richard Feynman nearing the crest of his powers. At twenty-three ... there was no physicist on earth who could match his exuberant command over the native materials of theoretical science. It was not just a facility at mathematics (though it had become clear ... that the mathematical machinery emerging from the Wheeler-Feynman collaboration was beyond Wheeler's own ability). Feynman seemed to possess a frightening ease with the substance behind the equations, like Einstein at the same age, like the Soviet physicist Lev Landau - but few others. — Genius : The Life and Science of Richard Feynman
:?!mJ tc+X,L -z z z3w3Z1s6_WU
In his last year at Far Rockaway High School, Feynman won the New York University Math Championship. He applied to Columbia College but was rejected because of its Jewish quota[1]. Instead, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1939, and was named Putnam Fellow that same year. While there, Feynman had taken every physics course offered, and had taken a graduate course on theoretical physics while only in his second year. He obtained a perfect score on the entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics — an unprecedented feat — but did rather poorly on the history and english portions. Attendees at Feynman's first seminar included the luminaries Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli, and John von Neumann. He received a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1942; his thesis advisor was John Archibald Wheeler. Feynman's thesis applied the principle of stationary action to problems of quantum mechanics, laying the ground work for the "path integral" approach and Feynman diagrams.)HQ2D F(L6mt.\

x6};`+\ m6v While researching his Ph.D, Feynman married his first wife, Arline Greenbaum. (Arline's first name is often spelled Arlene, as it is in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman and What Do You Care What Other People Think?, two collections of Feynman anecdotes. However, in his own letters, Feynman wrote his wife's name as Arline; some of these letters were later published in the US under the title Perfectly Reasonable Deviations From the Beaten Track and in the UK under the title Don't You Have Time to Think?). Arline was diagnosed with tuberculosis, a terminal illness at that time, but she and Feynman were careful, and he never contracted the disease.oQ/x@PJ

/n)Dm(OA&r)M [b]The Manhattan Project[/b] ^ [j/Y9c/lV9b
Feynman (center) with Robert Oppenheimer (right) relaxing at a Los Alamos social function during the top-secret Manhattan Project.!@ hf!vJZu
Enlarge
@xQ xA)l-m Feynman (center) with Robert Oppenheimer (right) relaxing at a Los Alamos social function during the top-secret Manhattan Project.IB5e6alU"Q
3ut'@_;sf2p9N!H
At Princeton, the physicist Robert R. Wilson encouraged Feynman to participate in the Manhattan Project—the wartime U.S. Army project at Los Alamos developing the atomic bomb. Feynman said he was persuaded to join this effort to help make sure that Nazi Germany did not build them first. On weekends, he visited his wife in a sanatorium in Albuquerque, right up until her death on June 16, 1945. He immersed himself in work on the project, and was present at the Trinity bomb test. Feynman claimed to be the only person to see the explosion without the very dark glasses provided, reasoning that it was safe to ignore instructions and look through a truck windshield as it would screen out the harmful ultraviolet radiation.
8xK,`meEU yg\ 3@;cpJ sN ?
As a junior physicist, his work on the project was relatively remote from the major action, consisting mostly of administering the computation group of human computers in the Theoretical division, and then, with Nicholas Metropolis, setting up the system for using IBM punch cards for computation. John G. Kemeny, later president of Dartmouth College, worked for Feynman at this time. Feynman actually succeeded in solving one of the equations for the project which were posted on the blackboards. However, they did not "do the physics right" and Feynman's solution was not used in the project.L|coX(p*~8@)X~
e0M*ZAQEJ R"j
Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor at the desert lab, in order to measure how close a particular assembly of fissile material was to becoming critical. After this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in calculating safety procedures for material storage (so that inadvertent criticality accidents, e.g. by storing individually subcritical amounts of fissile material in proximity on opposite sides of a wall, could be avoided). He also did crucial theoretical and calculation work on the proposed uranium-hydride bomb, which was later proven to be infeasible.B Z]*IV

(d5L"{]K\Er Feynman was also sought out by the famous physicist Niels Bohr for one-on-one discussions. He later found out why. Most physicists were too much in awe of Bohr to argue with him, but Feynman had no such inhibitions, vigorously pointing out anything he considered to be flawed in his thinking. Feynman said he felt just as much respect for Bohr's reputation as anyone else, but that once anyone got him talking about physics, he couldn't help but forget about anything else. z$S!kM$G;z r/L
Feynman's ID badge photo from Los Alamos.#L[j:_}S
Feynman's ID badge photo from Los Alamos.

nanoquebec 2006-11-13 22:27

Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated; in his own words, "There wasn't anything to do there". Bored, Feynman claims he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues; in one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers a physicist would use (it was 27-18-28 after the base of natural logarithms, e=2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets in which a colleague kept a comprehensive set of atomic bomb research notes (for his convenience while selecting material for declassification) all had the same combination. He left a series of mischievous notes as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague into thinking a spy or saboteur had actually gained access to atomic bomb secrets. (Coincidentally, Feynman once borrowed the car of physicist Klaus Fuchs in order to visit his sick wife. Fuchs was later discovered to be a spy for the Soviets.) On another occasion, he noted that a captain in his building at Los Alamos had a massive safe, better than anything the bomb scientists had, installed with much ado in his office. Some time after the captain left Los Alamos, Feynman discovered that the captain with the massive safe had (1) never bothered to change the combination from the single generic factory setting, so that even an amateur safecracker could open it, and (2) there was nothing important being kept in the safe anyway, whereas all the secrets of the bomb scientists were mostly kept in relatively insecure locked cabinets. These anecdotes are related by him in the book Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!vm6x{R#d%St,HY

9M8v?N,^-k On occasion, Feynman would find an isolated section of the mesa to drum Indian-style; "and maybe I would dance and chant, a little". These antics did not go unnoticed, and rumors spread about a mysterious Indian drummer called "Injun Joe". He also became a friend of laboratory head J. Robert Oppenheimer, who unsuccessfully tried to court him away from his other commitments to work at the University of California, Berkeley after the war.([ K1B#r'E~
!u2l Y \1w!vi!M1V ?!F
[b]Early career: Cornell University[/b]
6bM6I"P TAE0G
o)L-]A D(P After the project, Feynman started working as a professor at Cornell University, where Hans Bethe (who proved that the sun's source of energy was nuclear fusion) worked. However he felt uninspired there; despairing that he had burned out, he turned to less useful, but fun problems, such as analyzing the physics of a twirling, nutating dish, as it is being balanced by a juggler. (As it turned out, this work served him well in future research.) He was therefore surprised to be offered professorships from competing universities, eventually choosing to work at the California Institute of Technology at Pasadena, California, despite being offered a position near Princeton, at the Institute for Advanced Study (which included, at that time, such distinguished faculty as Albert Einstein).#S ^IC'T@U^4^4p
2Tk3SqA~1u
Feynman rejected the Institute on the grounds that there were no teaching duties. Feynman found his students to be a source of inspiration and also, during uncreative times, comfort. He felt that if he could not be creative, at least he could teach. Another major factor in his decision was just a desire to live in a mild climate, a goal he seized on while having to put snow chains on his car's wheels in the middle of a snowstorm in Ithaca, New York.1dK HCRGPn
Feynman is sometimes called the "Great Explainer"; he took great care when explaining topics to his students, making it a moral point not to make a topic arcane, but accessible to others. His principle was that if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not fully understood yet. Feynman gained great pleasure from coming up with such a "freshman level" explanation of the connection between spin and statistics (that groups of particles with spin 1/2 "repel", whereas groups with integer spin "clump"), a question he pondered in his own lectures and which he solved in the 1986 Dirac memorial lecture. He opposed rote learning and other teaching methods that emphasized form over function, everywhere from a conference on education in Brazil to a state commission on school textbook selection. Clear thinking and clear presentation were fundamental prerequisites for his attention. It could be perilous to even approach him when unprepared, and he did not forget who the fools or pretenders were[2].H5S,u(|8XdJ]'`
0Ke7R2S H4U.Bl4F
On one sabbatical year, he returned to Newton's Principia to study it anew; what he learned from Newton, he also passed along to his students, such as Newton's attempted explanation of diffraction.6le ?0s.@i6HM&J:G:R Z
The Caltech years
{,O6L*R{(a4sC a'x6W/vq8v6D U6x n
Feynman did much of his best work while at Caltech, including research in:Ysq_K#y g,Y L
jpa]ZUI5T
    * Quantum electrodynamics. The theory for which Feynman won his Nobel Prize is known for its extremely accurate predictions[3],[4]. He helped develop a functional integral formulation of quantum mechanics, in which every possible path from one state to the next is considered, the final path being a sum over the possibilities.[5]
;bS:s,B-K9X;^.ha/JA +v'Re_ ]8e,iU
    * Physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, where helium seems to display a lack of viscosity when flowing. Applying the Schrödinger equation to the question showed that the superfluid was displaying quantum mechanical behavior observable on a macroscopic scale. This helped enormously with the problem of superconductivity."LJ W E6?AZZ6N

C9k4PdTx!}"A'Z     * A model of weak decay, which showed that the current coupling in the process is a combination of vector and axial. (An example of weak decay is the decay of a neutron into an electron, a proton, and an anti-neutrino.) Although E.C. George Sudharsan and Robert Marshak developed the theory nearly simultaneously, Feynman's collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann was seen as the seminal one, the theory was of massive importance, and the weak interaction was neatly described.
+Bq(^ xs6crN3R
[@+V-[y U$i r-D He also developed Feynman diagrams, a bookkeeping device which helps in conceptualizing and calculating interactions between particles in spacetime, notably the interactions between electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons. This device allowed him, and now others, to work with concepts which would have been less approachable without it, such as time reversibility and other fundamental processes. Feynman famously painted Feynman diagrams on the exterior of his van.
NgR-]0|%G"O6|5k
*c+bk5OJG&LkM Feynman diagrams are now fundamental for string theory and M-theory, and have even been extended topologically. Feynman's mental picture for these diagrams started with the hard sphere approximation, and the interactions could be thought of as collisions at first. It was not until decades later that physicists thought of analyzing the nodes of the Feynman d

nanoquebec 2006-11-13 22:27

He also developed Feynman diagrams, a bookkeeping device which helps in conceptualizing and calculating interactions between particles in spacetime, notably the interactions between electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons. This device allowed him, and now others, to work with concepts which would have been less approachable without it, such as time reversibility and other fundamental processes. Feynman famously painted Feynman diagrams on the exterior of his van.
ZH j5QTc{ u h d?9k|
Feynman diagrams are now fundamental for string theory and M-theory, and have even been extended topologically. Feynman's mental picture for these diagrams started with the hard sphere approximation, and the interactions could be thought of as collisions at first. It was not until decades later that physicists thought of analyzing the nodes of the Feynman diagrams more closely. The world-lines of the diagrams have become tubes to better model the more complicated objects such as strings and M-branes.9\ q4T*m Zfn Hp

[k"J\-Z&z From his diagrams of a small number of particles interacting in spacetime, Feynman could then model all of physics[6] in terms of those particles' spins and the range of coupling of the fundamental forces. Feynman attempted an explanation of the strong interactions governing nucleons scattering called the partonmodel. The parton model emerged as a rival to the quark model developed by his Caltech colleague Murray Gell-Mann. The relationship between the two models was murky; Gell-Mann refered to Feynman's partons derisively as "put-ons". Feynman did not dispute the quark model; for example, when the 5th quark was discovered, Feynman immediately pointed out to his students that the discovery implied the existence of a 6th quark, which was duly discovered in the decade after his death.
H4F^Y6Fo/^
+Y \_;xh;m`1f After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and was able to derive the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more[7]. However, a calculational technique that Feynman developed for gravity in 1962- "ghosts" later proved invaluable in 1967 when Fadeev and Popov quantized i.e. understood the particle behaviour of the spin 1 theories of Yang-Mills -Shaw -Pauli, that are now seen to describe the weak and strong interactions, using Feynman's path integral technique. A "ghost" is a field which is spin-0 and so should be a boson but which is a fermion -disobeying the spin-statistics theorem. Because it does not propogate externally no effects of this are seen. Unfortunately, at this time he became exhausted by working on multiple major projects at the same time, including his Lectures in Physics.xn sXN

5G{Qc? T x(| While at Caltech, Feynman was asked to "spruce up" the teaching of undergraduates. After three years devoted to the task, a series of lectures was produced, eventually becoming the famous Feynman Lectures on Physics, which are a major reason that Feynman is still regarded by most physicists as one of the greatest teachers of physics ever. He wanted a picture of a drumhead sprinkled with powder to show the modes of vibration at the beginning of the book; the publishers misunderstood him, and the books carry a picture of him playing drums. Feynman later won the Oersted Medal for teaching, of which he seemed especially proud. His students competed keenly for his attention; once he was awakened when a student solved a problem and dropped it in his mailbox at home; glimpsing the student sneaking across his lawn, he could not go back to sleep, and he read the student's solution. That morning his breakfast was interrupted by another triumphant student, but Feynman informed this student that he was too late.
*ke9O9WJp/M
h QKk&m$D j-YwC-? Partly as a way to bring publicity to progress in physics, Feynman offered $1000 prizes for two of his challenges in nanotechnology. He was also one of the first scientists to conceive the possibility of quantum computers. Many of his lectures and other miscellaneous talks were turned into books such as The Character of Physical Law and QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. He gave lectures which his students annotated into books, such as Statistical Mechanics and Lectures on Gravity. The Feynman Lectures on Physics required two physicists, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands as full-time editors for several years. Even though they were not adopted by the universities as textbooks, the books continue to be bestsellers because they provide a deep understanding of physics. As of 2005, The Feynman Lectures on Physics have sold over 1.5 million copies in English, an estimated 1 million copies in Russian, and an estimated half million copies in other languages.
nmt^J
@)r0ra0|,E In 1974 Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of integrity on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."
5~J:d'{a$V2c~O
9f Vq'S{6~c8[4t In the late 1970's, according to "Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine" [2], Richard Feynman played a critical role in developing the first parallel-processing computer and finding innovative uses for it in numerical computing and building neural networks as well as physical simulation with cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech.
P-\_+rB!Bi6_2],F@,X
3Q_9|OhY y*EE,] [b]Personal life[/b]{w,{/Np

-`1b+DYkPu C? Feynman's first wife Arline Greenbaum died of tuberculosis, (June 16, 1945), while he was working on the Manhattan project. This relationship is portrayed in the 1996 movie Infinity. He married a second time, to Mary Louise Bell of Neodesha, Kansas in June 1952; this marriage was brief and unsuccessful. He later married Gweneth Howarth from the United Kingdom, who shared his enthusiasm for life and spirited adventure. Besides their home in Altadena, California, they had a beach house in Baja California. They remained married for life, had a son, Carl, in 1962, and adopted a daughter, Michelle, in 1968[8].c!F?y!P I"e

b1V?w3Cp w[+V W Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl using discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues; he was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices did not apply for Michelle. Mathematics was a common interest for father and son; they both entered the computer field as consultants and were involved in advancing a new method of using multiple computers to solve complex problems - later known as parallel computing. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory retained Feynman as a computational consultant during critical missions. One coworker characterized Feynman as akin to Don Quixote at his desk, rather than at a computer workstation, ready to do battle with the windmills.qr B2S7R yk2z$\Z9`,I
@ K3F+@`8G {"D N
According to his colleague, Professor Steven Frautschi, Feynman was the only person in the Altadena region to buy flood insurance after the massive 1978 fire, predicting correctly that the fire's destruction would lead to land erosion, causing mudslides and flooding. The flood occurred in 1979 after winter rains and destroyed multiple houses in the neighborhood.
X_ Z-X9]k1U)]%J!b;Rh
D V2Q-`y4s.S+E Feynman traveled a great deal, notably to Brazil, and near the end of his life schemed to visit the Russian land of Tuva, a dream that, due to Cold War bureaucratic problems, never succeeded[9]. During this period he discovered that he had a form of cancer, but, thanks to surgery, he managed to hold it off. Out of his enthusiastic interest of reaching Tuva came the phrase "Tuva or Bust" (also the title of a book about his efforts to get there), which was tossed about frequently amongst his circle of friends in hope that they, one day, could see it first-hand. The documentary movie Genghis Blues mentions some of his attempts to communicate with Tuva and chronicles the journey when some of his friends did make it there. His attempts to write and send a letter using an English-Russian and Russian-Tuvan dictionary demonstrate his usual zest for life.
[H+i4rCg yP \6y-l;]+I)G({
Feynman did not work only on physics, and had a large circle of friends from all walks of life, including the arts. He took up painting at one time and enjoyed some success under the pseudonym "Ofey", culminating in an exhibition dedicated to his work. While at Los Alamos on the Top Secret Manhattan Project, he earned the notoriety of being a master safe-cracker. He learned to play drums (frigideira) in acceptable samba style in Brazil by persistence and practice, and participated in a samba school. Feynman even translated Mayan hieroglyphics. Such actions earned him a reputation of eccentricity.
'Si*g-k\;|2cO5a
@ n5b!@n|Z Q Y According to Genius, the James Gleick biography, Richard Feynman experimented with LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, Feynman sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; consequently, the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain.7^4S+\0Zv'`YH3k8fh%t

L zo9RJEm,hWv Feynman also had very liberal views on sexuality and was not ashamed of admitting it. In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar and drew artwork for a massage parlor. He used a nude/topless bar as an office away from the office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats.%DAp+Z!AS

5iP v7X%S#u'E [[i] Last edited by nanoquebec on 2006-8-2 at 17:29 [/i]]

nanoquebec 2006-11-13 22:27

[b]Audio recordings[/b]
Dg,d/R3Ml)]j
"X*qJi8C:qf     * Safecracker Suite (a collection of drum pieces interspersed with Feynman telling anecdotes) Wy1UHP;Ut!n
    * Six Easy Pieces (original lectures upon which the book is based)
V_3i4L_)~&{     * Six Not So Easy Pieces (original lectures upon which the book is based);cVr N`2QP;s3m
    * The Feynman Lectures on Physics: The Complete Audio Collection
2e9Eq O'cL EC2D'dvE           o Quantum Mechanics, Volume 1"Y|!F.R\F
          o Advanced Quantum Mechanics, Volume 2
^rTq#C2vn           o From Crystal Structure to Magnetism, Volume 3
5\ h.n!`)nP[           o Electrical and Magnetic Behavior, Volume 4
-M_6F UjUu_ q           o Feynman on Fundamentals: Energy and Motion, Volume 5
x#^!wTEY           o Feynman on Fundamentals: Kinetics and Heat, Volume 6 CaY5@q's0m
          o Feynman on Science and Vision, Volume 7
}p9u7ml"w-`5o           o Feynman on Gravity, Relativity and Electromagnetism, Volume 8FQb5IvD"\#Nw
          o Basic Concepts in Classical Physics, Volume 96U2Y#~F~q,Y-{N
          o Basic Concepts in Quantum Physics, Volume 10t6B$KM@ }
          o Feynman on Science and Vision, Volume 11
,vl9`V [$?X*O!NsZ           o Feynman on Sound, Volume 12
Z%K3i2_ M$U8]%VyS           o Feynman on Fields, Volume 13
,_(F\d:K           o Feynman on Electricity and Magnetism, Part 1, Volume 14`$O(y$P{7aw
          o Feynman on Electricity and Magnetism, Part 2, Volume 15P/x j0?Jzl
          o Feynman on Electromagnetism, Volume 16P1xed:O+an'U
          o Feynman on Electrodynamics, Volume 17u2CF] j5e1Bl~h O+_
          o Feynman on Flow, Volume 18
.?kd"TTVX.Y@           o Masers and Light, Volume 19)fqo \k8X?
          o The Very Best Lectures, Volume 20!u j;T;{ vWW
    * Samples of Feynman's drumming, chanting and speech are included in the song "Kargyraa Rap (Durgen Chugaa)" on the album Back Tuva Future by Kongar-ol Ondar. The hidden track on this album also includes excerpts from lectures without musical background.
(D`,G9x-SMMs5\
7t&P ~d6C"A v(Em [b]Video recordings[/b]jt`m-DcJ
9G)b.?z:u
    * The Messenger Lectures (1964)
)kzF%tEy$?L M0~           o The Law of GravitationJY;xW E8o
          o The Relation of Mathematics to Physics!P)|CR#J7b7Eo
          o The Great Conservation Principles
R3zjkC"I1^G zf           o Symmetry in Physical Law
2GH_1`n'e8j&pN           o The Distinction of Past and Future
4g4iflUhq$g           o Probability and Uncertainty - The Quantum Mechanical View of Nature
!fNXE$_?           o Seeking New Laws
-M2k'v+\%e*i$Ft.R#IJ     * QED in New Zealand (1979)
gWfl5}z`y?     * The Pleasure of Finding Things Out (1981)#aTmo5Y+n:_xr
    * Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics (1986)6kg9n:E7U?m)]%C
q T4o%B4m9F:M
[b]Quotations[/b] e.z]y G:d
    * "Dear Mrs. Chown, Ignore your son's attempts to teach you physics. Physics isn't the most important thing. Love is. Best wishes, Richard Feynman."!o m-P'a3E:h*K
    * "Physics is to math what sex is to masturbation."
K*fdD8^     * "Physics is like sex: sure, it may give some practical results, but that's not why we do it."jl0RC"m
    * "Mathematics is not real, but it feels real. Where is this place?"
YQ4j(wI-?$H     * "The same equations have the same solutions." (Thus when you have solved a mathematical problem, you can re-use the solution in another physical situation. Feynman was skilled in transforming a problem into one that he could solve.)/f7~u\'}3C7j6|9M2z%z
    * "When you are solving a problem, don't worry. Now, after you have solved the problem, then that's the time to worry."WkC$K [F/w }
    * "The wonderful thing about science is that it's alive."y/e H%s(r:n[ [h
    * "All fundamental processes are reversible."@\6NYe }0MM
    * "What does it mean, to understand? ... I don't know."#VT$S}{ AP}5n v
    * "What I cannot create, I do not understand." (Taken from his chalkboard after his death.)kfrBe\7g
    * "Know how to solve every problem that has ever been solved." (Taken from his chalkboard after his death.)
'Q9[_Tr+T']HOe     * "But I don't have to know an answer. I don't feel frightened by not knowing things, by being lost in the mysterious universe without having any purpose—which is the way it really is, as far as I can tell, possibly. It doesn't frighten me." Ep y!`hdpN-E^
    * "To those who do not know mathematics it is difficult to get across a real feeling as to the beauty, the deepest beauty, of nature ... If you want to learn about nature, to appreciate nature, it is necessary to understand the language that she speaks in."MF#S2MS9Bn
    * "I cannot define the real problem, therefore I suspect there's no real problem, but I'm not sure there's no real problem." (about Quantum Mechanics)f1re}-uN
    * "I'd hate to die twice. It's so boring" (last words).S'L0^4{5bl%@
1FaVi2M
[b]Quotations about Feynman[/b],[$waW/ho
"?}r [%A
    * The "Feynman Problem Solving Algorithm", as facetiously observed by a colleague, Murray Gell-Mann in the NY Times, was:
+mr v2e*L2Jk,B
5W z}mA{{3g%n        1. write down the problem;~p1I2GG!iD
       2. think very hard;"y]bO#s#@ ~
       3. write down the answer.Wwt'Vy ]n
t6nKs7mJ
    * The Nobel laureate physicist and mathematician E.P. Wigner said about Feynman, "He is a second Dirac. Only this time human".9w!U'i)Hb N

.On%eO;NOtI3@     * Jeff Coffin (of Béla Fleck and the Flecktones) says in the song "Ah shu Dekio" (during a live show recorded and released on DVD as "Live at the Quick"):8ztMCn}c$a.NV4qb
$KE.Y)ms![7cJ
    This verse is for Richard Feynman, He was not a simple simon.

nanoquebec 2006-11-13 22:28

The Feynman Lectures on Physics, by Richard Feynman, is perhaps his most accessible technical work for anyone with an interest in physics and today is considered to be the classic introduction to modern physics, including lectures on mathematics, electromagnetism, Newtonian physics, quantum physics, and even the relation of physics to other sciences. The six most readily accessible chapters of the book were later compiled into a book entitled Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher, and the next six hardest in Six Not So Easy Pieces: Einstein's Relativity, Symmetry and Space-Time.'G GY!] }r!O8zi
"}!y r7\_
The first volume, for example, shows how to solve the N-body differential equation for the motion of the planets numerically, a feat which would have impressed Isaac Newton. The second volume is mainly on electrodynamics and electromagnetism. The third volume, on quantum mechanics, shows, for example, how the double-slit experiment contains the essential feature of quantum mechanics.,] j T8q\&}

,j#^W[{rA#_ [b]Background[/b]
pg` U"X7@q ^&QGD0~+F
By 1960 Richard Feynman was already a legend in his own time; at age 42 his research and discoveries in physics had resolved a number of troubling inconsistencies in several fundamental theories. In particular, it was his work in quantum electrodynamics which would lead to the award in 1965 of the Nobel Prize in physics. At the same time that Feynman was at the pinnacle of his fame, the faculty of the California Institute of Technology was concerned about the quality of the introductory courses being offered to the undergraduate students. It was felt that these were burdened by an old fashioned syllabus and that the exciting discoveries of recent years, many of which had occurred at Caltech, were not being conveyed to the students.g5X%If*{0?
|AF+~_0Y
Thus it was decided to reconfigure the first physics course offered to students at Caltech, with the goal being to generate more excitement in the students. Who better to teach this course than the most famous lecturer on physics on campus? To the surprise of the Department, Feynman readily agreed to give the course, though only once. Aware of the fact that this would be a historic event, Caltech recorded each lecture and took photographs of each drawing made on the blackboard by Feynman.
7v i+E2GK(S5N&O z
}D2KouA6akC Based on the lectures and the tape recordings, a team of physicists and graduate students put together a manuscript that would become Richard Feynman's most widely read and influential scientific work: The Feynman Lectures on Physics.e5{W:`Fb1F
6K-up&D6U5n/u-j
As the two-year course (1961-63) was still being completed, word of it spread throughout the physics community. By the end of the period, more lectures were being attended by physicists and postgraduate students rather than the undergraduates for whom it was originally intended. The final result was, however, as Caltech had hoped; the encapsulation of the entire field of physics by its greatest living practitioner.5cw$h4y{xYc8Wl

@ i[c-z/x(W4u Addison-Wesley published a collection of problems to accompany The Feynman Lectures on Physics. The problem sets were first used in the 1962-63 academic year and organized by Robert B. Leighton. Some of the problems are sophisticated enough to require understanding of topics as advanced as Kolmogorov's zero-one law, for example.f,C-K I&E3L\

QUl9B[1h7h Addison-Wesley also released all the audio tapes of the lectures, over 103 hours with Richard Feynman, in CD format after remastering the sound and clearing the recordings.
W#`$f,NvoN*OU
}!`uQ6AR In March of 1964, Feynman appeared before the freshman physics class as a guest lecturer, but the notes for this lecture were lost for a number of years. They were finally located, restored, and made available as Feynman's Lost Lecture: The Motion of Planets Around the Sun.
K9MD q3JW7K1z)`Aj ~'LWG\M u1r:T;R
In 2005, Michael A. Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton co-authored Feynman's Tips on Physics, which includes four of Feynman's freshman lectures (three on problem solving, one on inertial guidance) not included in the main text, a memoir by Matt Sands about the origins of the Feynman Lectures on Physics, and exercises (with answers) that were assigned to students by Robert Leighton and Rochus Vogt in recitation sections of the Feynman Lectures course at Caltech.L'q(X&~P!`Mo^8W

U+jv9Z/U]2Q&s [b]Contents[/b]
7e-ej7x&hm"s $F#iOD'bD2ri
[i]Volume 1. Mainly mechanics, radiation, and heat[/i]C5T1s4O3Z%`??

#qvT&E8B g&J'Zl#Ut5w%r Chapter 1. Atoms in motionuT(V x@`R
Chapter 2. Basic Physics
sNU/~V0q:k Chapter 3. The relation of physics to other sciences
Dv6Tp7z:rq g Chapter 4. Conservation of energy
},W9Sa%S9y Chapter 5. Time and distance$S ZpR-{V3k?
Chapter 6. Probability
b `9c(xd7\$W Chapter 7. The theory of gravitationYu"[Ft,N^
Chapter 8. Motion
y+iH%F E;sx)_ Chapter 9. Newton's laws of dynamics
jA5?f[,jPG\,a Chapter 10. Conservation of momentum
o:z%z%T s$C k'vV Chapter 11. Vectors$Z;_aB-V9X&T y
Chapter 12. Characteristics of force
l7ZO{]w3z&d*f Chapter 13. Work and potential energy (A)u.a v#?e?!P
Chapter 14. Work and potential energy (conclusion)
bWBl+LU!o Chapter 15. The special theory of relativity
]n!`,jy7[LM Chapter 16. Relativistic energy and momentum
_:LiM r1p Chapter 17. Space-timey n+j4w(c FsI.} g
Chapter 18. Rotation in two dimensions
#lY:e6nk C?2h Chapter 19. Center of mass; Moment of inertia
&zKW!S&UT Chapter 20. Rotation in space
Th)W~U2| Chapter 21. The harmonic oscillator
-z)Q*j(u$V'ND Chapter 22. Algebra}.X N-S3X7M+V(k]1[
Chapter 23. Resonance xB[A"f+aW
Chapter 24. TransientsK%FZn^2?p p&x
Chapter 25. Linear systems and review jn G~p
Chapter 26. Optics: The principle of least time0Bw,MJZ4M*~
Chapter 27. Geometrical optics
}UR P_b Chapter 28. Electromagnetic radiation
2R&du'b-tr@L0} Chapter 29. Interference
2T9eDx y!IM Chapter 30. Diffraction/K~ V'bfARU
Chapter 31. The origin of the refractive index q*B_4[7^
Chapter 32. Radiation damping. Light scatteringhr-t*\S p2B e|
Chapter 33. Polarization
+s.INgI,~k V5H Chapter 34. Relativistic effects in radiation[%uH+^{ M~e2C n
Chapter 35. Color vision
}(R6R?.Q/WPmp)^7c Chapter 36. Mechanisms of seeingY,k}+kSZ
Chapter 37. Quantum behaviorg/qg)E#n]l2\Lj
Chapter 38. The Relation of Wave and particle viewpoints
;UZi$sf+} Chapter 39. The kinetic theory of gases
3]It5Lvo5t5a#[3y0N Chapter 40. The principles of statistical mechanics2Pz~%xR'}I zd
Chapter 41. The brownian movement$D|7U{1yV
Chapter 42. Applications of kinetic theory,h6oSBYr$?
Chapter 43. Diffusion
W*e2X/RZ3lL Chapter 44. The laws of thermodynamics.`nV4w&i g ~4oc
Chapter 45. Illustrations of thermodynamicsA%v'^q uf/B
Chapter 46. Ratchet and pawl2K_5pO]} l} S-w
Chapter 47. Sound. The wave equation
D;\M:Mb E,^ Chapter 48. Beats
dX.I0O'X2mkX/OO Chapter 49. Modes-oqU^(F7H$T7B
Chapter 50. Harmonics
*s;eAX*Ar+o`l Chapter 51. Waves
1p!{uMOPP Chapter 52. Symmetry in physical laws
'K|Pih{I [edit]ihp W j)_dh6cd9X
:n RO#|8qe @%Z(W
[i]Volume 2. Mainly electromagnetism and matter[/i]'o`;]8nx4r.z2{d,M
y0L/VZT!h
Chapter 1. Electromagnetism
aq}w C,xN+Y Chapter 2. Differential calculus of vector fieldsR#zI,tF%{i(t&q
Chapter 3. Vector integral calculus\N%M.x+@7pY|&_`0Q
Chapter 4. Electrostatics
} L8J7z;T)R Chapter 5. Application of Gauss' law
f*^#Zl r [#jb R Chapter 6. The electric field in various circumstances9V)_t,|Y;M
Chapter 7. The electric field in various circumstances (continued)rc M,Dmcc;jN#Q
Chapter 8. Electrostatic energy0?2H+U(Y%s
Chapter 9. Electricity in the atmosphere
,`3P([5g4\s:G*r] i(O8p Chapter 10. Dielectrics?SUBFWb(h
Chapter 11. Inside dielectrics*`$a:T:kP,]+n8mb2aX
Chapter 12. Electrostatic analogs
L2m*M'zG rw|-v[l Chapter 13. MagnetostaticsY,O:v'c~KMQh.d.B.N
Chapter 14. The magnetic field in various situations zK^&z Z i| ]F
Chapter 15. The vector potential
|5ED G6v5gg^#U/R Chapter 16. Induced currents
zV5ipIi$gNm"e Chapter 17. The laws of induction\/Xx v.S7n_+Z9J/b
Chapter 18. The Maxwell equations
/^tQ!bN({i Chapter 19. The principle of least actiono/Zk)]2mtB1T+H+e
Chapter 20. Solutions of Maxwell's equations in free space
0n6L1O0Zx Chapter 21. Solutions of Maxwell's equations with currents and charges
`qR@ s`"IF1@ Chapter 22. AC circuits `n+M%zv
Chapter 23. Cavity resonatorsS~0dfjD^T!jfh
Chapter 24. Waveguides
$i[ l*\|-qdG9fBq Chapter 25. Electrodynamics in relativistic notationYKX,J4L5o4pY
Chapter 26. Lorentz transformations of the fields
3u\N0oM:m Chapter 27. Field energy and field momentum
;gQ*el O|k Chapter 28. Electromagnetic mass-y#T u"doa j;u
Chapter 29. The motion of charges in electric and magnetic fields
cC;Qnk5P Chapter 30. The internal geometry of crystalsQptCqk
Chapter 31. Tensors0d5rp%?&TI%v
Chapter 32. Refractive index of dense materialsh`!l u tn$B
Chapter 33. Reflection from surfaces,uCF7U mb
Chapter 34. The magnetism of matter
'{UI8MgPA Chapter 35. Paramagnetism and magnetic resonance
[6^#_r%~8v-O Chapter 36. Ferromagnetism
A"F1S1A lv;^ Chapter 37. Magnetic materials
J!\Kk@x+b/o Chapter 38. ElasticityA;kz8^\O c:f$bh
Chapter 39. Elastic materials
V#@u~l B[%n Chapter 40. The flow of dry water
c n^5e)Y P Chapter 41. The flow of wet water
c.A$? ?.zY0U Chapter 42. Curved space
|2e!X5f,?S)z+T.w0? [edit]
dZ3Bu|#\
&g(o\'HbA;Th Volume 3. Quantum mechanics
"Z@L Z/m 5ka)HG4VN3vX$|
Chapter 1. Quantum behavior
M;Nm1@u1m7F} Chapter 2. The relation of wave and particle viewpoints
h5].@3U6mi1h8E$o Chapter 3. Probability amplitudes1}0U!lNTz9}B|1Q q
Chapter 4. Identical particles
Q;Z+Bhs}:h,S [5J Chapter 5. Spin one5[C{"j-k6|
Chapter 6. Spin one-half
8N_3^`d(~ Chapter 7. The dependence of amplitudes on time:i+npy6?W"x"U*e
Chapter 8. The Hamiltonian matrix
ep,wpkzL:i Chapter 9. The ammonia maser CV:YW%X
Chapter 10. Other two-state systemsYw~6hp
Chapter 11. More two-state systems
?b8[)l#ON;UO Chapter 12. The hyperfine splitting in hydrogen
#J!~Xe*S S`T Chapter 13. Propagation in a crystal lattice?p kY8t
Chapter 14. Semiconductors
/E{ {uh'jfj"C \ Chapter 15. The independent particle approximationIiF3Ne'W
Chapter 16. The dependence of amplitudes on position)c"UQPl9dT9|#B
Chapter 17. Symmetry and conservation laws
*b*uXV9s3k:x Chapter 18. Angular momentum}#L:U7D&BI O2PD P
Chapter 19. The hydrogen atom and the periodic table
j"QMA$w%@$C(@ Chapter 20. Operators*~!SL P3^
Chapter 21. The Schrödinger equation in a classical context: a seminar on superconductivity

nanoquebec 2007-01-25 19:12

再转载点中文方面的讯息

[b]理查德·菲利普·费曼[/b]（Richard Phillips Feynman(Feynman 读起来像 “FINE-man”)，1918年5月11日—1988年2月15日），美国著名的物理学家。1965年诺贝尔物理奖得主。提出了费曼图、费曼规则和重正化的计算方法，这些是研究量子电动力学和粒子物理学不可缺少的工具。'e8?f:uj2U
Y_3r@(Z v3rm
[b]生平简介[/b]*G`DS+V,~ A#p-|I

a u'oSC{V 费曼1918年出生于美国纽约皇后区小镇法洛克卫 Far Rockaway，1939年毕业于麻省理工学院，进入普林斯顿大学念研究生。1941年，费曼与阿琳·格林鲍姆结婚，1942年6月获得理论物理学博士学位。1943年进入洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室，参加了曼哈顿计划。1945年6月16日，费曼的第一个妻子阿琳去世。同年费曼开始在康奈尔大学任教。 1951年转入加州理工学院。在加州理工学院期间，加州理工学院因其幽默生动、不拘一格的讲课风格深受学生欢迎。1965年费曼因在量子电动力学方面的贡献与薛文格(Julian.Schwinger),朝永振一郎一同获得诺贝尔物理奖。1986年，费曼受委托调查挑战者号航天飞机失事事件, 在国会用一杯冰水和一只橡皮环证明出事原因。1988年2月15日，费曼因癌症逝世。
@T Tlaa%l/k
a!}O5ik!Z [R [b]费曼的著作[/b]
a0IE*MeM.T"T
Pl]b.E3ho I 费曼物理学讲义 可能是比大多数其他物理学作品更有意思的一部作品。这些讲义是1962年费曼为大学生所写的。随着它的出版,一大批专业物理学家开始投入其中。物理学家Robert B. Leighton把他们编辑成册。 经过时间的考验，直到今天还十分的适用。
0zQ$]*A!QE
,z$A;w)`e7G t1z [b]物理学著作[/b]!p)e:n*yp,KA!tr
2nf4BkeU^
    * 基本粒子和物理学法则: 1986年 Dirac回忆讲义
0ZsJ ],v`3h&I,G!B(G;y     * 费曼讲物理 . 3卷1964年, 1966年. t&K5Q#s@'mC(DgbP
    * 量子电动力学 ISBN 0-8053-2501-8H.z@-Rx;\
    * QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter`J ]E IGE x
    * 统计力学 ISBN 0-8053-2509-3
g2q0v,iE     * 过程理论基础 ISBN 0-8053-2507-7
OP `6Db F.c     * 量子力学和路线积分 (with Albert Hibbs) ISBN 0-070-20650-3ue$Nn$zA8R,h!l
    * 引力学讲义 1995 ISBN 0-201-62734-5(U b4glf_7`Z
    * 计算讲义 ISBN 0201489910
IkD|hh)JMDs     * 费曼最后的讲座: 太阳的行星 ISBN 0099736217
STUV1ShK/W     * The Feynman Processor : Quantum Entanglement 和计算革命 ISBN 0-7382-0173-1
e/_+Ui4E b|8W
x4LP/`$T1~!b [b]关于费曼和费曼执笔的大众作品[/b]
+dL$r!F o$hZ(g
p9Cw1z*O1^1T     * 费曼物理学讲义(The Feynman’s Lectures on Physics)1BON B(mX
    * 物理之美(The Character of Physical Law);dF'fj8iN8~&l.I
    * 量子电动力学(Q.E.D.: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter)
T9h:n_f[$E     * 你管别人怎么想(What Do You Care What Other People Think?)
/~6d0@/{E'V4Q6yP1N     * 别闹了，费曼先生(Surely You’re Joking,MR.Feynman!)ISBN 0-393-01921-7
~+IIFG2m     * 这个不科学的年代(The Meaning of It All: Thought of a Citizen Scientist!) Perseus出版社. (平装本 ISBN 0738201669)}hR6B3u4Me w5R;M.g
    * 发现的乐趣(~y Ri%k{
    * 迷人的科学风采－费恩曼传 (James Gleick)
:@ \E$S~     * Most of the Good Stuff: Memories of Richard Feynman (Laurie M. Brown and John S. Rigden)z0P+\3_(V;F
    * No Ordinary Genius: The Illustrated Richard Feynman (Christopher Sykes)
o,~#oTx ]@j     * Tuva Or Bust! (Ralph Leighton)5g[8Ky#k
    * QED和创造它的人: 戴森,费曼,施温格,朝永振一郎 (普林斯顿物理学系列) (Silvan S. Schweber)
+N8\sL|Or_     * 量子电动力学被选论文 (费米, Jordan,海森堡, 戴森, Weisskopf, Lamb, 迪拉克, 欧本海默, Retherford, 泡利, Bethe, Bloch, Klein, 施温格, Tomonaga, 费曼, Wigner等) (Julian Schwinger (编辑))
+\ O(sN%n~5e;_     * The Beat of a Different Drum: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman (by Jagdish Mehra)
;P3XL!W @*Zoj2ey6P     * 费曼的彩虹 (Leonard Mlodinow) ISBN 0-446-69251-4W*U MaDf*q
    * 费曼手札：不休止的鼓声 - Michelle Feynman ( ISBN 0-7382-0636-9, 2005年4月).:L.L0WP4`
1Dr1bK W$Z_
[b]传记[/b]
JK%T7u|I 'F j%uh \7Ct$W-\
    * 费曼的主张(The pleasure of finding things out : the best short works of Richard P.Feynman)
j!@ J(asD7i     * 别闹了，费曼先生^sZPBx_-C*R'\
6P[8b!A? U:QXk
费曼物理学讲义，理查德·费曼著，可能是费曼最易懂的专业作品，适于任何对物理有兴趣的读者。该书今天已成为对现代物理的经典介绍，包括数学, 电磁学, 牛顿物理学, 量子物理学, 及物理学同其它学科的关系等。其中最易懂的六章后来单独成书：Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher，随后次易懂的六章编为：Six Not So Easy Pieces: Einstein’s Relativity, Symmetry and Space-Time.
:]prP a7c4\ EdJrUBN"xf:_3H
该书分为三卷。第一卷主要讲力学、辐射（光学）、和热力学；第二卷主要讲电动力学和电磁学；第三卷主要讲量子力学。K Z2zl a}8~*u

k~ W"h F1zI0WC6m
?*b;K DG3O3i [b]Publishing information[/b]Pe6Od3{4Y&__9]
[list][*]The Feynman Lectures on Physics (with Leighton and Sands). 3 volumes 1964, 1966. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 63-20717[list][*]ISBN 0201021153 (1970 paperback three-volume set)[*]ISBN 0201500647 (1989 commemorative hardcover three-volume set)[*]ISBN 0805390456 (2006 the definitive edition; hardcover)[/list][*]Feynman’s Tips On Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics (hardcover) ISBN 0805390634[*]Six Easy Pieces (hardcover book with original Feynman audio on CDs) ISBN 0201408961[*]Six Easy Pieces (paperback book) ISBN 0201408252[*]Six Not-So-Easy Pieces (paperback book with original Feynman audio on CDs) ISBN 0201328410[*]Six Not-So-Easy Pieces (paperback book) ISBN 0201328429[/list][b]Downloads(eMule):[/b][v iX/T5f&dG
[indent][url=ed2k://%7Cfile%7C%28ebook-pdf%29%20Feynman%20Physics%20Lectures%20Complete.zip%7C99797691%7C5E5CD2B5EAAD5448871A5AD18F48007D%7C/]The Feynman Lectures on Physics(complete).zip[/url](95.17MB)3{9k#l,D)ST0b
[url=ed2k://%7Cfile%7CFeynman%20Lectures%20on%20Physics%20Complete%20Volumes%201,%202,%203%20-%201376%20pages.pdf%7C87275502%7C4506C31B87F727A4D2F49C2DAB6B9873%7C/]Feynman Lectures on Physics Complete Volumes 1, 2, 3 - 1376 pages.pdf[/url](83.23MB)m Gb.Fv?W
[url=ed2k://%7Cfile%7CFeynman,%20Richard%20-%20Lectures%20on%20Physics%20-%20V1-3%20-%20near%20complete%20%28Audiobooks%29%20.rar%7C2720118149%7C07B5363ECB6837B2B6E55AAA2BA7B4E3%7C/]Feynman, Richard - Lectures on Physics - V1-3 - near complete (Audiobooks) .rar[/url](2.53GB)!v^!O&J lNG7X
[url=ed2k://%7Cfile%7CRichard%20Feynman%20-%2065%20Lectures%20Mp3.rar%7C1695427098%7CDC83207188B4A5F4242804A07EF37267%7C/]Richard Feynman - 65 Lectures Mp3.rar[/url](1.58GB)v bk&atK2z%a)Y%l
[url=ed2k://%7Cfile%7CHorizon%20-%20Feynman%20The%20pleasure%20of%20finding%20things%20out.avi%7C590880768%7C2623CCF2D525D80B2EC13F2682919893%7C/]BBC: Richard P. Feynman -Horizon - The pleasure of finding things out.avi[/url](563.51MB)
o#bk8P4Lkdlg [url=ed2k://%7Cfile%7CFeynman%20-%20QED%20The%20Strange%20Theory%20Of%20Light%20And%20Matter.pdf%7C6183379%7C7C722F041F44C283F8F311FA615913AD%7C/]Feynman - Qed; The Strange Theory Of Light And Matter (Princeton University Press, 1985).pdf[/url](5.90M)/dq[gu3D
[/indent][b]Related Pages:[/b]]d H%E agk
Wikipedia: [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman]Richard Feynman[/url] [url=http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC]理查德·费曼[/url] [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics]The Feynman Lectures on Physics[/url] [url=http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E6%9B%BC%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%B2%E4%B9%89]费曼物理学讲义[/url]
LF _ {U;te 三思藏书架: 《[url=http://www.oursci.org/lib/feynman/]别闹了，费曼先生[/url]》 / 中文版《费曼物理学讲义》：[url=http://oursci.org/lib/feynmanlecture/01.htm]第一卷 第一章 原子的运动[/url] [url=http://oursci.org/lib/feynmanlecture/02.htm]第一卷　第二章 基本物理[/url] [url=http://oursci.org/lib/feynmanlecture/03.htm]第一卷　第三章 物理学与其它科学的关系[/url]_#ev5Kb9u@bF4k}
Amazon.com: [url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201021153/104-9568808-2052713]Feynman Lectures On Physics (3 Volume Set) (Paperback)[/url] / [url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201500647/]The Feynman Lectures on Physics : Commemorative Issue, Three Volume Set (Hardcover)[/url]

nano 2007-01-28 10:57

Richard Feynman Intro

[flash]http://www.youtube.com/v/eKj5lAmy9Wk[/flash]
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 纳米科技的开山鼻祖: 物理學家理查德費曼