查看完整版本: A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays:

A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays:

[b][align=left][size=4][color=green]A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications[/color][/size][/align][/b][align=left]
'C$Y(l9~[ [size=3][color=green]Gopal K. Mora, Oomman K. Varghesea, Maggie Paulosea, Karthik Shankara and Craig A. GrimesCorresponding Author Contact Information, a, E-mail The Corresponding Author
w A2}jSgI
*yN6c!?6iL%Y#y aDepartment of Electrical Engineering, and Materials Research Institute, 217 Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
w8E5Gj y3c4V J%~ |vh.dk
~8Y_
P%^2c*V'K)~(})\ b&d
  [b][i]Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells[/i][/b]; Volume [b]90[/b], Issue 14 , 6 September 2006, Pages 2011-2075; doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2006.04.007 uo%P Ppj4[

n c#bK7@r
t ;~M,p"K'p|3E5F
[b]Abstract[/b]
,})ty_/q*q 6Nq"Bn5UEB s
We review the fabrication, properties, and solar energy applications of highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation of titanium in fluoride-based electrolytes. The material architecture has proven to be of great interest for use in water photoelectrolysis, photocatalysis, heterojunction solar cells, and gas sensing. We examine the ability to fabricate nanotube arrays of different shape (cylindrical, tapered), pore size, length, and wall thickness by varying anodization parameters including electrolyte concentration, pH, voltage, and bath temperature, with fabrication and crystallization variables discussed in reference to a nanotube array growth model. We review efforts to lower the band gap of the titania nanotubes by anionic doping. Measured optical properties are compared with computational electromagnetic simulations obtained using finite difference time domain (FDTD). The article concludes by examining various practical applications of the remarkable material architecture, including its use for water photoelectrolysis, and in heterojucntion dye-sensitized solar cells.!q)QF-gC&X)h#~*j
E{ `vs,u

DY8fHFd u $W:h&U.sp
[b]Article Outline[/b]5Jq ^{I&@
qp"f&k@X.YI8er3?
1. Introduction
;\aqu[x7Ik0N 2. Fabrication of titania nanotube arrays by anodization
/]0ek#Gpk9SD y{
4yNb#Op9k9KL 2.1. Using HF-based electrolytez
[%?B-mK}
2.2. Tapered conical shape nanotubes u2IdxVj+k/Xl"M
2.3. Wall thickness variation
0F/?(j[z~$aa f 2.4. Addition of boric acid to HF electrolyte
.iM#S*z u1g 2.5. KF-based aqueous electrolyte
.Ueh/oayXOTF-R 2.6. Fabrication of transparent TiO2 nanotube arraysc[e `t[$o
2.7. Mechanistic model of nanotube array formationP3b q"h)p;e
8e8`lo&L:B^Y`
3. Doped titania nanotubes
gV%R5A
C%nhx b"N&p?M-P z2|
3.1. Flame-annealed nanotubes KI?o|9v
3.2. Dopant introduction via modification of anodization bath chemistry
,|+~"ud'i
pC 3.3. CdS-coated nanotubesSRZ4q.X `\5p)O@5M

i/l.e_,G*g"w 4. Material properties
9m"J0Ib2e3UWQ o9P.oU T#J-`;Q(Q
4.1. Structural and elemental characterizationBVfG,UFy s
4.2. Characterization of doped titania nanotubes&W I&C1u$B(q D

`jRd,v,B 4.2.1. Flame-annealed samples v*WjM[L'S@(F
4.2.2. Nitrogen-doped titania+G ddOu+j-C*fF
4.2.3. Organic bathf#BA [b[4|'L X8G
4.2.4. CdS-coated nanotubes
kN,\5li%| +J;hGme8A@ F6V
5. Optical properties of titania nanotube arrays
Z{ixY)K(R
_
:ts)HQO'N3W|5Ak 5.1. FDTD simulation of light propagation in nanotube arrays
_:l6|1Zu 5.2. Measured optical properties
v-X*D9g]ptp se5~
Z}7\$Y2p;|c I+hc 6. Applications of titania nanotube arraysN$je^~WV XY
)qds
B:KL
6.1. Photoelectrochemical and water photolysis properties
8D.X}1LOq8?\ 6.2. Application to DSSCsTji1zU&nM"r4H)S(ZZ
TY"l oX
6.2.1. Transparent nanotube arrays on FTO-coated glass
h1f8Zf.rtv 6.2.2. Back-side illuminated foil-based DSSCs
*My;no2xq-C,a$~ 6.2.3. Voltage decay measurements"r*d Q|&GL _sO1A
'Rs;t|nQs)aX
6.3. Hydrogen sensing:vJ@1w.E%W#z lz[
6.4. Self-cleaning sensors
(L4n]\&`;?Z
3M+@c ^)h.Kgo 7. Conclusions r:f/Ic$}?(Q$H
Acknowledgements7UYv I8cwIo
References
0r![']5[6aNHq
i H[3@U| :fulltext :hand [/color][/size][url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V51-4K48N9K-1&_user=2101137&_coverDate=09%2F06%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000056154&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2101137&md5=5d3bb3b8020af826c8ac6d864721621f][size=3][color=green]:click2[/color][/size][/url][size=3][color=green] [/color][/size]
jS6k$g9}_)P [size=3][color=green][url=http://www.nanost.net/bbs/thread-6527-1-1.html][img]http://img252.imageshack.us/img252/5981/91494249bq2.jpg[/img][/url][/color][/size]S%k&m}8d
[size=3][color=green]Illustrative drawing of a three-electrode electrochemical cell in which the Ti samples are anodized. Fabrication variables include temperature, voltage, pH and electrolyte composition.[/color][/size]4U)K3e8s7x6a@
[size=3][color=green][/color][/size]$i@a6`:?t
[size=3][color=green][/color][/size]UH*H1|R
[size=3][color=green][url=http://www.nanost.net/bbs/thread-6527-1-1.html][img]http://img252.imageshack.us/img252/7460/81138112ji4.jpg[/img][/url][/color][/size]
_+X}`!w.D&_ [size=3][color=green]FE-SEM cross-sectional views of tapered nanotubes obtained: (a) By ramping the anodization voltage from 10 to 23 V over a 30 min period, 0.43 V/min, then holding the voltage at 23 V for 10 min. (b) By initially anodizing the sample at 10 V for 20 min then increasing the voltage at 1.0 V/min to 23 V, and finally kept at 23 V for 2 min. (c) Straight nanotubes obtained by applying a constant 23 V for 45 min. Here, [i]d[/i] denotes diameter of apex, and [i]D[/i] diameter of cone base.[/color][/size]
aB:rn1NX/Db [size=3][color=green][/color][/size]8U-oTx
m`/p&B
[size=3][color=green][url=http://imageshack.us/][img]http://img252.imageshack.us/img252/7494/29602368bi2.jpg[/img][/url][/color][/size]LW|c|)T3U
[size=3][color=green]FE-SEM images of 10 V nanotube arrays anodized at: (a) 5 °C with an average wall thickness of 34 nm, and (b) 50 °C with an average wall thickness of 9 nm. The pore size is ≈22 nm for all samples.[/color][/size]4ldWQ3U4NA
[size=3][color=green][/color][/size]
.ETm4^9PG4^B/Q [size=3][color=green][url=http://www.nanost.net/bbs/thread-6527-1-1.html][img]http://img252.imageshack.us/img252/7194/14571959bb3.jpg[/img][/url][/color][/size]
X#BU`.T"fsV aa [size=3][color=green]The key stages in fabrication of a transparent TiO2 nanotube array film: (top) Sputter deposition of a high-quality Ti thin film; (middle) anodization of resulting film, and (bottom) heat treatment to oxidize remaining metallic islands.[/color][/size]1V |"Ax+C%^&tT-{1h
[size=3][color=green][/color][/size]Qm#X I*ew
[size=3][color=green]:downloads :box [/color][/size]
"z3J'@&L8C3QvS [size=3][color=green]**** Hidden Message ***** +S {a#ku
[/color][/size] lE x6e)KCk
[/align][size=3][color=green][/color][/size]

感谢楼主的共享！！！

谢谢共享！:) :) :)

好文章，支持一下，多谢了！！！

不错不错，学习一下

看样子做这一块的还真不少,呵呵,多谢飞侠兄了

好文章,多谢分享!:P

看了名字就知道不错。很有前景阿

:) :) 好文章，支持一下，多谢了！！！

Thanks for sharing

好东西，支持楼主:) :) :)

呵呵，原来自己找了这么久的文献在这儿啊:D

:P :P :P :P

:D :D :D :D

希望能下载全文:hand

:victory: :victory:

very good, thank you!

好文章，支持一下，多谢了！

:handshake :victory: :handshake :victory: :victory: :hand

回复 1# 的帖子

挺好的 nuashdvjcvn