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Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes

[size=3][size=3][color=DarkGreen]Title: [b]Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes[/b]{o @;YS
Author(s): Burda C, Chen XB, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA#{4wlf.Z3\6yh$^
Source: CHEMICAL REVIEWS 105 (4): 1025-1102 APR 2005
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"{-e4vL'L} Contents
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VO1IN/i8^'gx     * 1.General Introduction and Comments
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A.P,l     * 2.Preparation of Nanostructures of Different Shapes
Fc@\4Jc&k     * 2.1. Introduction: Nucleation and Particle Growth$iz,x8IG+Z v(V
    * 2.2. Preparation Methods
U6_z$C1CI:QU     * 2.2.1. Sol Process
H-hmg0p8r%Z`     * 2.2.2. Micelles
,pd.J1r@-g7sz     * 2.2.3. Sol-Gel ProcessF#P_0U4QdO
    * 2.2.4. Chemical Precipitationv{T.}6x
    * 2.2.5. Hydrothermal Synthesis
"`#T9S4hl"iC^     * 2.2.6. Pyrolysis
$TH V._L     * 2.2.7. Vapor Deposition
!y].B(_L+g&~fd0d     * 2.3. Growth Mechanism of Nanostructures of Different Shapes-P)F J/n1S0Cq
    * 2.3.1. Effect of Monomer Concentration on the Shape of the Semiconductor QDs
Ko1KB)i#o     * 2.3.2. Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth for Nanowire by CVD and PVD Methods
p ^6A:i:|+P     * 2.3.3. Light-Induced Shape Change Mechanism of Metal Nanorods3LI
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    * 3.Surface Chemical Modification of Nanoparticles2M~.w{ eB;j
    * 4.Assembly of Nanoparticles
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~3R!A     * 5.Optical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of Particles of Different Sizes and Shapesq^:T,K$`1~
    * 5.1. Semiconductor Nanoparticles6L!uj\Gx"L8XzG'oE
    * 5.1.1. Discrete Electronic Structure
B _/K'h7yn5U     * 5.1.2. Optical Transitions in Nanostructures of Different Shapesk#c9XV}b}} \;e
    * 5.2. Metallic NanoparticlesM2s-i!_:K0@(K(M
    * 5.3. High Surface-to-Volume Ratio
nd'lvp9hlF${     * 5.4. Melting Point :nst
J"^2H\$M.lT     * 5.5. Conductivity and Coulomb Blockade
} uS2s4X'V     * 6.Nonradiative Relaxation of Nanoparticles of Different Shapes
5Hd `Z9V9B     * 6.1. Nonradiative Relaxation in Metal Nanostructured Systems
E.~B@]@/vA     * 6.1.1. Background&M!P1])U9{4B!J.wh
    * 6.1.2. Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Optical Response
^MN Eu;oC     * 6.1.3. Electron-Electron Thermalization in Gold NanoparticlesR
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    * 6.1.4. Electron-Phonon Relaxation in Gold Nanoparticles
"F@;a+j~     * 6.1.5. Shape and Size Dependence on the Electron-Phonon Relaxation Rate
%?8`v-X`5^#LSZ$P     * 6.1.6. Pump Power Dependence of the Electron-Phonon Relaxation Rate
H.z6ZA}'n     * 6.2. Nonradiative Relaxation in Semiconductor Nanostructured SystemsN7\"uU;Q2Xt[
    * 6.2.1. II-VI Semiconductor Systems*E!aC){i%z4m
    * 6.2.2. I-VII Semiconductor Systems
c%\k C~eI]Z-v U     * 6.2.3. III-V Semiconductor SystemsuW*\oV4|0P'u
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    * 6.2.4. Group IV Semiconductor Systems
&Nv9`'W[!{4z     * 6.2.5. Metal Oxides Systems
!F5{!MpRa     * 6.2.6. Other Systems
B |z LV;R     * 6.3. Hot Electrons and Lattice Temperatures in Nanoparticles
m }&Mn's@f#Bo)[     * 6.4. Phonon Bottleneck
(H$s6pajhs[     * 6.5. Quantized Auger Rates
xP[\X     * 6.6. Trapping Dynamicsz)KZ3\9{ c(Ta
    * 7.Nanocatalysis n/E7U8sPW
    * 7.1. Introduction
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f9|?1n     * 7.2. Homogeneous Catalysis
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Zm     * 7.2.1. Chemical Reactions Catalyzed Using Colloidal Transition Metal Nanocatalysts
._ _{k4C Y     * 7.3. Heterogeneous Catalysis on SupportG5nZ1[7B
    * 7.3.1. Lithographically Fabricated Supported Transition Metal Nanocatalysts
`+?_ D]d;Yss     * 7.3.2. Chemical Reactions Catalyzed Using Supported Transition Metal Nanocatalysts RjXkDW
    * 8.SummaryH#{.]TX L8A H;a
    * 8.1. Reviews
cI1j NQn     * 8.1.1. SynthesisQ
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    * 8.1.2. Properties
#HHN%n;J-s     * 8.1.3. General
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    * 8.2. Books
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y"Iu     * 8.2.1. Metal Nanoparticles!R{5f.sSHuR@
    * 8.2.2. Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Q7S'T h9h8l%yq     * 8.2.3. Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles
IQ weL J     * 8.2.4. Nanoparticles in GeneralaV"CQa,X;K"[/s
    * 9.Acknowledgment^;\W\ x2O1o
    * 10.References+j/?1i)nD_-ZZ
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Photophysical, photochemical and photocatalytic aspects of metal nanoparticles

Title: Photophysical, photochemical and photocatalytic aspects of metal nanoparticlesH7FgU-x
Author(s): Kamat PV
YYtZB!pQc Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 106 (32): 7729-7744 AUG 15 20021\c2q/qh!}6TS;t
Document Type: Review
;|#j^l%Z'Xz Language: EnglishH.M0H$? r}
Cited References: 237      Times Cited: 239      Find Related Records InformationB2O;Utv*wt
Abstract: Unique electronic and chemical properties of metal nanoparticles have drawn the attention of chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers who wish to use them for the development of new generation nanodevices. Metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver show noticeable photoactivity under UV-visible irradiation as is evident from the photoinduced fusion and fragmentation processes. Binding a photoactive molecule (e.g., pyrene) to metal nanoparticle enhances the photochemical activity and renders the organic-inorganic hybrid nanoassemblies suitable for light-harvesting and optoelectronic applications. The nature of charge-transfer interaction of fluorophore with gold surface dictates the pathways with which the excited-state deactivates. Obtaining insight into energy and electron-transfer processes is important to improve the charge separation efficiencies in metal-fluorophore nanoassemblies and photocatalytic activity of metal-semiconductor composites.

Laser-induced shape changes of colloidal gold nanorods using femtosecond

Title: Laser-induced shape changes of colloidal gold nanorods using femtosecond and nanosecond laser pulses8I&o
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Author(s): Link S, Burda C, Nikoobakht B, El-Sayed MA
Bw Z][:} Source: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 104 (26): 6152-6163 JUL 6 20007tW?M*VXs [
Document Type: Article
(|q.P%k[Kt Language: English
"nI:\7z5[? v"k Cited References: 53      Times Cited: 116      Find Related Records Information
^m+p&nAX Abstract: Gold nanorods have been found to change their shape after excitation with intense pulsed laser irradiation. The final irradiation products strongly depend on the energy of the laser pulse as well as on its width. We performed a series of measurements in which the excitation power was varied over the range of the output power of an amplified femtosecond laser system producing pulses of 100 fs duration and a nanosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser system having a pulse width of 7 ns. The shape transformations of the gold nanorods are followed by two techniques: (1) visible absorption spectroscopy by monitoring the changes in the plasmon absorption bands characteristic for gold nanoparticles; (2) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to analyze the final shape and size distribution. While at high laser fluences (similar to 1 J cm(-2)) the gold nanoparticles fragment, a melting of the nanorods into spherical nanoparticles (nanodots) is observed when the laser energy is lowered. Upon decreasing the energy of the excitation pulse, only partial melting of the nanorods takes place. Shorter but wider nanorods are observed in the final distribution as well as a higher abundance of particles having odd shapes (bent, twisted, phi-shaped, etc.). The threshold for complete melting of the nanorods with femtosecond laser pulses is about 0.01 J cm(-2). Comparing the results obtained using the two different types of excitation sources (femtosecond vs nanosecond laser), it is found that the energy threshold for a complete melting of the nanorods into nanodots is about 2 orders of magnitude higher when using nanosecond laser pulses than with femtosecond laser pulses. This is explained in terms of the successful competitive cooling process of the nanorods when the nanosecond laser pulses are used. For nanosecond pulse excitation, the absorption of the nanorods decreases during the laser pulse because of the bleaching of the longitudinal plasmon band. In addition, the cooling of the lattice occurring on the 100 ps time scale can effectively compete with the rate of absorption in the case of the nanosecond pulse excitation but not for the femtosecond pulse excitation. When the excitation source is a femtosecond laser pulse, the involved precesses (absorption of the photons by the electrons (100 fs), heat transfer between the hot electrons and the lattice (<10 ps), melting (30 ps), and heat loss to the surrounding solvent (>100 ps) are clearly separated in time.

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