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Advanced materials上最近几篇太阳能电池文章

１.Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Compatibilizers and Their Effect on the Morphology and Performance of Polythiophene:Fullerene Solar Cells

[quote]Photovoltaic cells made from a thin-film bulk heterojunction of electron-donating conjugated polymers and electronaccepting fullerene (C60) derivatives remain an area of inquiry owing to the synthetic accessibility of the materials and their solution-based processibility, both of which lead to potentially low production costs.[1] A successful system for these solar cells is a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and Buckminsterfullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Recent reports have shown power-conversion efficiencies above 3% in standard solar conditions.[2,3] The morphology of the active layer is of great interest in these thin-film solar cells, as P3HT and PCBM are not miscible in the solid state, and exciton dissociation occurs at the interface of the donor and acceptor domains.[2,4–6] Significant study and speculation has surrounded the morphological basis for the high performance in these devices. Small phase domains with a large interfacial area should allow maximum exciton separation, while an interpenetrating, bicontinuous “percolation” network of the two components, with concentrated PCBM domains, may improve charge-carrier conduction through the film to the appropriate electrode.[4,7] The length scale of this network should ideally be on the length scale of the excitontransfer mechanism, which is commonly thought to be about 10 nm or less.

   Nevertheless, the tools available to examine the precise impact of morphology on device performance are rather blunt. It has been shown that varying spin-casting sol solvent volatility and solubilizing ability affects phase segregation of the active layer, and thus the performance of the device.[1,2,8] Furthermore, a thermal-annealing step above the P3HT’s glass-transition temperature (Tg) of about 120 °C[2] is crucial to device performance. However, annealing thin-film blends is a complex process. Annealing produces the local organization of P3HT domains into a regular, crystalline arrangement necessary for hole mobility, a process which occurs on a very short time scale.[2,9] The surface structure and orientation at the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and aluminum electrodes are also affected by annealing. Finally, the phase segregation of the bulk blend can change drastically upon heating owing to the diffusion and aggregation of PCBM.[7] Several interesting studies have examined changes in bulk morphology induced by annealing[2–4,6,7,9,10] and have attempted to correlate these changes to changes in device performance.

   In an attempt to better understand the morphological basis for device performance and to begin to decouple the individual effects of the several processes occurring during device annealing, we designed a diblock copolymer to control blend morphology independent of other factors. Amphiphilic diblock copolymer additives, as compatibilizers, reduce the interfacial energy between immiscible components in condensed phases. Materials of this class have found widespread use in research and industrial forums as surfactants to control morphology at the nanometer length scale.[11]
  In addition, C60-containing polymer chains are kinetically much slower to segregate than the small molecule PCBM. This approach was intended to alter the degree of phase segregation through the introduction of diblock copolymer, while leaving other annealing- induced processes, such as local P3HT alignment and surface contact changes, largely unaffected.

   Two similar approaches, both of which use one material to control phase domain size, have been explored. Covalently linked donor–acceptor small molecules containing fullerenes eliminate the possibility of large-scale phase segregation and have been explored as photoactive materials,[12] but with limited success in the device format. Fullerene-containing homopolymers, as well as donor–acceptor amphiphilic diblock copolymers, have been synthesized and implemented in bulkheterojunction organic thin-film solar cells, but these materials also lead to disappointing device performance.[13] This is probably a result of low charge-carrier mobility, a consequence of the solublizing groups incorporated for tractability.


   For the present application, we designed and synthesized polymers based on a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) strategy (see Scheme 1). Our synthesis depends on the fast initiation, functional-group tolerance, and fast turnover uniquely provided by catalyst 3 to allow construction of diblock copolymers in a controlled fashion from sterically demanding monomers.[14,15] Careful design of a C60-containing monomer allows for the synthesis of homopolymer poly(1) with quite a high fullerene content (50 wt.-%) to minimize readily produced in a controlled manner. Importantly for device fabrication, the diblock copolymer is soluble in chloroform and chlorobenzene (> 20 mgmL–1).[/quote]


２.　Design Rules for Donors in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells—Towards 10% Energy-Conversion Efficiency
By Markus C. Scharber,* David Mühlbacher, Markus Koppe, Patrick Denk, Christoph Waldauf, Alan J. Heeger, and Christoph J. Brabec

[quote]Concluding the summary of the recent literature, there is no general consistent understanding of the origin of the opencircuit voltage of the bulk-heterojunction solar cell. In this work, the relation between the energy levels of the donor–acceptor blend and the open-circuit voltage of 26 different bulkheterojunction devices is studied. A simple relation between the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the polymer and the Voc is derived, which is used to estimate the maximum efficiency of bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Based on the model, the ideal material parameters for a conjugated polymer–PCBM device are determined. The results presented here can be used as a guideline for the selec- tion and synthesis of new active materials for bulk-heterojunction solar cells.[/quote]

３.　A High-Light-Harvesting-Efficiency Coumarin Dye for Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
By Zhong-Sheng Wang,* Yan Cui, Kohjiro Hara,* Yasufumi Dan-oh, Chiaki Kasada, and Akira Shinpo

[quote]Organic dyes are also promising for applications in DSSCs in that they have much higher molar extinction coefficients than those for ruthenium polypyridine complexes, which are favorable for light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) and hence photocurrent generation. Among the organic dye sensitizers tested in DSSCs, coumarin dyes are strong candidates because of their good photoelectric conversion properties.
However, one of their drawbacks is that a high concentration of 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) is usually required for a high power-conversion efficiency. Under continuous light soaking of 1 sun for a short period of one day, the photovoltaic performance was observed to drop dramatically because of the dissolution of the dye into electrolyte containing 0.5 M or more TBP. Therefore, it still remains a great challenge to acquire a DSSC based on a metal-free organic dye with high efficiency that is stable in the long term.
In this paper, we report a new coumarin dye, 2-cyano-3-{5′-[1-cyano-2-(1,1,6,6- tetramethyl-10-oxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,4H,10H-11-oxa-3aaza- benzo[de]anthracen-9-yl)-vinyl]-[2,2′]bithiophenyl-5-yl}- acrylic acid (NKX-2883), shown in Figure 1, for use in DSSCs.
These DSSCs exhibited LHE values of near unity, incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) over a wide spectral region on transparent TiO2 films of only 6 lm thickness, and maintained ca. 6% power-conversion efficiency under continuous light soaking of 1 sun at 50–55 °C for 1000 h.[/quote]

４.　All-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Nanoporous TiO2 Hybrid Solar Cells with High Energy-Conversion Efficiency
By Emmanuelle Lancelle-Beltran, Philippe Prené,* Christophe Boscher, Philippe Belleville,Pierrick Buvat, and Clément Sanchez*

[quote]This paper focuses on the sol–gel elaboration of homogeneous nanoporous TiO2 films in which control of the architecture, porosity, and layer thickness allows optimization of the solid solar-cell efficiency and stability. A very effective design and processing of all-solid-state solar cells using high-quality TiO2-based mesoporous films as an n-type semiconductor layer, a Ru-based complex (Ru-dye) for visible-light absorption, and regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) as a hole conductor is reported. A high current-density value and an unexpected solar-conversion efficiency (up to 3.90 mAcm–2 and 1.3 %, respectively) can be achieved, as well as a very robust device at a low cost. More than 60 cells were prepared and tested at the same time and reproducible results have been obtained. As a result, the industrial production of such solar cells has true potential.
Since the photoactive material is a key component of the cell, the sol–gel method has been selected to allow the simple preparation of high-purity films at low cost. This has the advantage of producing films that show a high specific surface area, and thus improves the energy-conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The design of the TiO2/Ru-dye/P3OT PV device and a picture of a solar cell prototype are shown in the Supporting Information, whilst details of the synthetic procedure used are reported in the Experimental section.[/quote]
　
:pdf  :click
[url]http://www.box.net/shared/z43nsoz7vs[/url]

[[i] 本帖最后由 flying123 于 2007-08-30 16:32 编辑 [/i]]

Soory,还应该是这个链接:link [url]http://www.box.net/shared/z43nsoz7vs[/url]

[[i] 本帖最后由 flying123 于 2007-07-16 10:02 编辑 [/i]]

多谢
你可以直接编辑你那篇文章的

太客气了各位斑竹,发得少了惭愧,很多功能不是很熟悉.:L

直接把文章上传上来

大哥你可以直接把文章上传上来阿，我们这里下载不了。很可惜哦
或者帮帮忙：[email]wgcui2004@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
thanks!!

赫赫， 我倒是做过这个东西的

我也想要，Emeil:  [email]miaoqq1983@yahoo.com.cn[/email]
谢谢！

I can not open it, could you please sent the articles to me?
[email]estelle.luo@gmail.com[/email]
thank you very much!

我也想要，email：[email]xuelianpeng@gmail.com[/email],谢了！

已经都发给各位了，不知道是怎么回事，我的gbaopan不能用了，老是转到一个页面说是服务器维修，晕

回复 #10 flying123 的帖子

还是用:box吧，注册有困难的话可以告诉我。

回复 #11 nano 的帖子

好的，我注册一个吧，用起来方便些，多谢飞侠兄

好了，已经转移到新的链接上了

thank u so much!

哈哈，谢谢楼主拿出来和大家分享，看帖就会贴，养成好的美德！

:lol :lol :lol :lol :lol 看卡纳